List of Articles by MeSH

DENTAL IMPLANTATION

1. Međunarodni kongres Hrvatskoga društva za dentalnu implantologiju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora. Abstracts of 3rd International Congress of the Croatian Society of Dental Implantology of Croatian Medical Association: Zadar, October 22-24, 2009. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2009;43(4):329-49.
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   Title in English:	Abstracts of 3rd International Congress of the Croatian Society of Dental Implantology of Croatian Medical Association: Zadar, October 22-24, 2009
   Title in Croatian:	Sažeci 3. Međunarodnog kongresa Hrvatskoga društva za dentalnu implantologiju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora: Zadar, 22. - 24.10.2009.
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
   Abstract:	(not available)

2. Franco M, Viscioni A, Rigo L, Guidi R, Strohmenger L, Zollino I, Avantaggiato A, Carinci F. Wide Diameter Implants Inserted in Jaws Grafted with Homologue Bone. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):273-82.
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   Title in English:	Wide Diameter Implants Inserted in Jaws Grafted with Homologue Bone
   Title in Croatian:	Implantati širokog promjera u transplantiranoj homolognoj kosti
   Type of Article:	professional paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL IMPLANTATION
   Abstract:	Objective of work: In the last decade the use of wide diameter implants (WDI) has increased especially in posterior jaws for their good clinical outcomes. However there are few reports on this topic and none on WDI inserted in homologue fresh frozen bone (FFB) grafts. Thus we planned a retrospective study on a series of WDI placed in homologuous FFB to evaluate the clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: 49 patients were operated on and 126 WDI inserted. There were 35 Double etched, 5 SLA1, 9 Grit blasted and acid etched, 44 Anodic Oxidized, 19 CaPo4 ceramic-blasted, 10 SLA2, and 4 miscellaneous implants. Results: Only 1 over in 126 WDI was lost (i.e. SVR = 99.2%) and no differences were detected among the studied variables. On the contrary, the Cox regression showed that implant type (i.e. Double etched, CaPo4 Ceramic-blasted, and SLA2) and implant length (i.e. length < 13 mm) correlated with a statistically signifi cant lower crestal bone loss and thus a better clinical outcome. Conclusion: The use of WDI inserted in homologuous FFB can be a viable treatment option and may provide benefi ts especially in posterior regions for the maintenance of various implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitations.

3. Knežević G, Sandev S, Knežević D. Complications in Implant Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):103-4.
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   Title in English:	Complications in Implant Dentistry
   Title in Croatian:	Komplikacije u dentalnoj implantologiji
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL RESTORATION FAILURE
   Abstract:	Professional implant meetings are usually places where colleagues speak about their successes, new technological solultions or epidemiological analysis of their results. Failures or complications are usually shown as other people’s results that were inadvertently seen during the work. The aim of this presentation is to highlight expected and unexpected complications seen during the course of work with AstraTech (Sweden) implant system, maily due to the poor surgical planning, inadequate implant diameter and length, variable anatomical an intermaxillary situations, compromises due to the patient health, inadequate choice of prosthetic suprastructure, patient’s poor maintenance and bad habits or other unclear reasons. During 10 years of work with the mentioned implant system, the number of complication, compared to the number of placed implants (250) was in accordance with previously published results. There were 5 (2 %) cases of osseointegration failure; three of them being solved by immediate implantation in the same osteotomy of an implant of same or wider diameter, and two by implantation three months later, at same site, or nearby. In 2 cases (0.8 %) the implants were explanted 5 years after implantation, both due to periimplantitis. In one case the reason was inadequate implant diameter and unappropriate prosthetic suprastructure. The reason was primarily overload of a narrow implant in the first molar region and poor maintenance as well as no recall. In the second case there was mobile mucosa around the implant together with a combination of tooth-to-implant loading. There was one case (0.4 %) liofperiimplantitis after 5 years of function of an implant in a central incisor site that had a cantilever suprastructure. After the removal of suprastructure and resolution of the inflammation, the same abutment was replaced. There were 2 factures (0.8 %) of implants in cases of total edentoulism in the maxilla where two types of implants were used as pillars of a fixed denture. Facture can be explained by bruxism and small cantilevers that leads to screw loosening. The abutments became loose and the implants fractured in the cervical region. In the end, we must mention one (0.4 %) screw fracture during abutment placement on an osseointegrated implant, a difficult and unexplainable complication that requires different prosthetic solutions, or a tiresome procedure of screw retrieval. We noticed some screw loosening; these were retightened. More serious surgical patient’s life threatening complications were not present in the sample.

4. Gabrić Pandurić D, Sušić M, Ćatić A, Katanec D. Minimally Invasive One-Stage Flapless Technique with Immediate Non-Functional Implant Loading. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):79-85.
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   Title in English:	Minimally Invasive One-Stage Flapless Technique with Immediate Non-Functional Implant Loading
   Title in Croatian:	Minimalno invazivna jednofazna tehnika bez odizanja režnja s imedijatnim nefunkcijskim opterećenjem
   Type of Article:	case report
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION ESTHETICS, DENTAL MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES
   Abstract:	The current trend in dental implantology is to develop techniques that can provide function, esthetics, and comfort with a minimally invasive surgical approach. Minimally invasive one-stage flapless technique in maxillary anterior region is usually considered in conjunction with functional or non-functional immediate loading. In this report, a clinical case of using minimally invasive one-stage flapless technique for maxillary right incisor replacement with immediate non-functional loading is presented. A patient was a 21-year-old male with clinical and x-ray signs of a vertical fracture of the endodontically treated maxillary right incisor. After the tooth extraction, guided bone regeneration procedure was performed to prevent post extraction alveolus collapse and provide a better site for the future implant. After 4 months transmucosal surgical approach was used to insert a tapered implant. Location was determined on the basis of slice ortopantomogram x-rays and surgical drill guide was made for precise definition of implant site and angulation. The implant was immediately restored with final zirconium oxide ceramic abutment and temporary acrylic crown without any occlusal contacts. After a healing period of 6 months, the osseointegration was assessed with resonance frequency analysis (value 75.3) and considered adequate. The implant was then treated with the final fixed prosthetic restoration. The patient exhibited neither clinical nor radiologic complications throughout the 6 months period of clinical monitoring.

5. Živko-Babić J, Kobler P, Jakovac M. Success of Eight-Year Implantoprosthetic Therapy. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):283.
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   Title in English:	Success of Eight-Year Implantoprosthetic Therapy
   Title in Croatian:	Uspješnost 8-godišnje implantoprotetičke terapije
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
   Abstract:	For decades clinicians have attempted to replace lost teeth by the insertion of alloplastic material in the bone and construction of prosthetic devices. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate the functional durability of implantoprosthetic therapy in partially edentulous patients. During the period between 1997-2005 36 patients were selected on the basis of history data, radiographic analysis and clinical examination for fixed implantoprosthetic therapy. The number of implants and choice of fixed device depended on the individual situation, wish of the patient, cost of the device and also accessibility of a particular clinical procedure. Devices were waxed on study models and individual splints constructed. The results demonstrated that during the eight years 36 patients (21 women and 15 men) were treated, aged 16 - 75 (x=40.3) years. The most frequent indications were lack of teeth (22 patients) trauma (10), fracture of a non-vital tooth (2) and anodontia of a lateral incisor (1). Fifty-three implants were placed (50 ITI, 1 Ankilos, 1 Astra Tech and 1 Brane-mark). Twenty-eight individual crowns were constructed (16 MK, 7 FK and 5 AK) and 14 hybrid bridge constructions (10 metaloceramic and 4 of Au-Pt alloy and polymer veneer material). All devices were cemented. It can be concluded that the most frequent indications for implantoprosthetic therapy were aesthetic in female patients. As the response of patients to return for a check-up was negligible, it is difficult to assess the clinical condition of the above devices. However, it can be safely said that after 6 years of functional durability the success of therapy is 100%.

6. Doblanović K, Jokić D, Ilijaš-Doblanović D. Orthodontic-Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Hypodontia. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):282.
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   Title in English:	Orthodontic-Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Hypodontia
   Title in Croatian:	Ortodontsko-implantoprotetička rehabilitacija hipodoncije
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION ANODONTIA + therapy
   Abstract:	A case is presented of a female patient aged 30 years with hypodontia of tooth 12. In the first phase of treatment tooth 13 was distalised by fixed orthodontic apparatus, and a dental implant placed in the area created in region 12 and after 6 months prosthetic treatment was carried out.

7. Varga S, Krmpotić M. Results of Five-Year Monitoring of Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Combat Wounds to the Face and Jaws. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):282-3.
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   Title in English:	Results of Five-Year Monitoring of Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Combat Wounds to the Face and Jaws
   Title in Croatian:	Rezultati petogodišnjeg praćenja implantoprotetičke rehabilitacije ratnih ozljeda lica i čeljusti
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES + therapy
   Abstract:	Of all combat wounds the share of head wounds amounts to almost 15%. Gunshot and explosive wounds are specific both with regard to the mechanism of occurrence and with regard to the resulting damage. Combat wounds in the maxillofacial region, because of their extent and the extent of the permanent damage, are as a rule far worse than those that occur during peacetime, and the difficulty of rehabilitation of such wounds is proportional. Today implantoprosthetic rehabilitation is routine, although in the period immediately after the Homeland War it was just in its initial stage. In the Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital “Dubrava”, Zagreb several defects of the teeth and jaws in military and civil invalids of war were rehabilitated by the method of inserting titanium osseointegrating implants, followed by rehabilitation with prosthetic devices. Cases are presented of implantoprosthetic rehabilitation of combat wounds to the face and jaws with five-year monitoring.

8. Doblanović K, Ilijaš-Doblanović D. Immediate Implantation in a Female Patient with Chronic Recurring Urticaria. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):280.
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   Title in English:	Immediate Implantation in a Female Patient with Chronic Recurring Urticaria
   Title in Croatian:	Imedijatna implantacija u pacijentice s kroničnom recidivirajućom urtikarijom
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION URTICARIA + complications
   Abstract:	The case of a 28-year old female patient with recurring urticaria is presented. The patient was referred to the dentist by a dermatologist because of suspected intraoral focus. The orthopantomogram showed an ostic(??) process in the projection of the apex of the mesial root of tooth 36, which had been devitalised several years earlier. The tooth was extracted, granulation cleaned and immediate implantation performed in the distal alveoli. After four months prosthetic treatment was started.

9. Gorjanc J, Gorjanc M. Immediately and Early Restored and Loaded Single Dental Implants after Immediate and Early Implantations in Anterior and Posterior Regions - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):280-1.
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   Title in English:	Immediately and Early Restored and Loaded Single Dental Implants after Immediate and Early Implantations in Anterior and Posterior Regions - Case Report
   Title in Croatian:	Odmah i rano obnovljeni i opterećeni pojedinačni zubni usadci nakon imedijatne i rane implantacije u anteriorna i posteriorna područja - prikazi slučajeva
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL IMPLANTATION
   Abstract:	A healing period of approximately 4 to 6 months without loading has been a traditionally accepted protocol for attaining osseointergration - introduced by Brånemark and coworkers in 1977. As a result of refined surgical protocols, an optimized implant design, and other surface characteristics, a shortened healing period is currently possible. The success rate of immediately loading of implants that are crossarch stabilized with either rigid bar or fixed provisional prosthesis is comparable to that of conventionally loaded implants according to several authors. Today more and more studies and case reports are presenting immediate and early loading of single-tooth implants in anterior and posterior regions. This case report presents immediate and early implantations and early and immediately prosthodontic restorations (immediate non-functional loading) on implants for a single tooth in anterior and posterior regions. With early and immediately restored dental implants careful patient selection and treatment planning remain significant. Although the immediate and early loading technique allows maintenance of soft and hard tissue, provides patient comfort and aesthetics, and has demonstrated success so far, a longer evaluation period with larger patient populations is needed.

10. Perić B, Ćabov T. Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Total Maxillary Edentulousness - Case Presentation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):278.
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    Title in English:	Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Total Maxillary Edentulousness - Case Presentation
    Title in Croatian:	Implantoprotetička rehabilitacija potpune bezubosti gornje čeljusti - prikaz slučaja
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	Implantoprosthetic rehabilitation of the upper jaw can be done in several ways. The plan and possible therapy depend on the general health of the patient, local clinical radiographic finding and financial possibilities of the patient. In this paper we show the construction of a reduced vironit prosthesis on 4 previously placed implants in the upper jaw. This example shows satisfactory results with regard to aesthetics and function and can therefore be recommended as a solution for implantoprosthetic therapy of total edentulousness of the upper jaw.

11. Hodžić E, Ćelić R, Nedoklan S, Komljenović D, Senzel S. Implantoprosthetic Treatment of Complete and Partial Edentulousness - Case Presentation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):278-9.
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    Title in English:	Implantoprosthetic Treatment of Complete and Partial Edentulousness - Case Presentation
    Title in Croatian:	Implantoprotetička opskrba potpune i djelomične bezubosti - prikaz slučaja
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	Today osseointegrated implants and prosthetic superstructures represent a form of standard care for patients in whom there is the loss of one or all teeth in both jaws. Slowly but surely prosthetic devices, supported by osseointegrated implants, have taken prevailed over the advantages of conventional prosthetic techniques of treatment of complete or partial edentulousness. Indications for prosthetic devices supported by osseointegrated implants are: a) edentulous patients, b) patients with prostheses who cannot, or refuse to, wear mobile prosthesis, c) patients with unilateral edentulousness where it is impos-sible to construct fixed bridges of longer span, d) patients with poor muscular coordination and low tissue tolerance (simple term for attachment gingiva in the lower jaw), e) patients with periofunctional habits which destabilise conventional prostheses, f) patients with marked reflex to vomiting, g) unsatisfactory number and position of natural teeth as possible abutments, and f) loss of one tooth in order to avoid grinding of adjacent intact teeth. Absolute contraindications for placement of implants are: a) patients radiated with high doses, b) patients with mental problems, c) haematological system disorders. Relative contraindications are: a) pathology of soft and hard oral tissues, b) the area of fresh extractive wounds, c) patients using drugs, alcohol or tobacco (smoking or chewing of tobacco). Initial information received from each patient must include medical and dental history, radiographic finding (orthopantomograph or CT), analysis of study models and photographs, or with the purpose of achieving optimal treatment plan. The patient must understand the plan of treatment and be motivated for such treatment, while the clinician during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures learns about the mental - physical condition of the patient and acquires his/her confidence. The object of this presentation was to show the clinical laboratory course of the insertion of implants and construction of prosthetic devices in clinical situations of complete and partial edentulousness. Emphasis is placed on prosthetic systems such as a combination of telescope crown and attachment (CEKA type attachment) and individually milled bars, which optimise retention and stabilisation of the prosthetic device with the object of obtaining maximal function, aesthetics and patient satisfaction.

12. Stilinović-Bjelica M, Filipović-Zore I, Balen Ž. Solving Total Edentulousness with a Removable Bridge Anchored on Four Implants. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):277-8.
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    Title in English:	Solving Total Edentulousness with a Removable Bridge Anchored on Four Implants
    Title in Croatian:	Rješavanje potpune bezubosti mostom na skidanje sidrenim na četiri usatka
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	In everyday dental practice the problem of prosthetic solution of total edentulousness in a more or less marked atrophic lower jaw, is a particularly difficult problem. Beside classical prior prosthetic procedures such problems can also be solved with the placement of dental implants. It is then essential to carefully plan the position of the implant, calculate height, width and density of the bone on the planned area, calculate anatomic and intermaxillary relations and plan the correct superstructure in order to ensure for the patient optimal retention and stabilisation of the prosthetic restoration. Such a restoration must functionally, aesthetically and phonetically satisfy the patient. Whether the condition of the lower edentulousness with implantoprosthetic rehabilitation is solved with a mobile prosthetic or fixed prosthetic superstructure depends on the possibilities of inserting a particular number of implants, the patient’s wish and also financial possibilities. The paper presents the case of a 58-year-old female patient who came to the surgery because of loose fixed prosthetic devices in the lateral region of periodontologically compromised frontal lower jaw. The patient had a total denture in the upper jaw with which she was satisfied. After radiographic treatment extraction of the remaining teeth was indicated and implantoprosthetic rehabilitation agreed. With the healing of the extractive wounds, a further orthopantomogram showed the possibility of inserting only four Ankylos implants in regions 46, 43, 33, 36. The patient expressed the desire to again have fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. As a compromise, at the end of osseointegration, the implants were loaded with a removable bridge on the telescope principle. The paper presents one of the methods of implantoprosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic lower jaw.

13. Pandurić J, Ćelić R, Kobler P. Implantoprosthetic Therapy in the Lower Edenulous Jaw - Case Presentation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):276-7.
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    Title in English:	Implantoprosthetic Therapy in the Lower Edenulous Jaw - Case Presentation
    Title in Croatian:	Implantoprotetička terapija u donjoj bezuboj čeljusti - prikaz slučaja
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	Complete loss of teeth means interruption of the physiological, mental and aesthetic harmony of the stomatognathic system. Attempts are made by prosthetic therapy to compensate for the functional inability by complete prostheses. Apart from the renewal of the ability to masticate, natural appearance and normal speech, the intention is to retain for as long as possible the tissue of the stomatognathic system. At the same time to create biological and mental preconditions for maximal acceptance of full prostheses. A full prosthesis is a restoration and does not enable optimal function of all components. Whether the patient will accept the prosthesis depends on the possibilities and desire to adapt to the new situation. Success of therapy with full prostheses depends on the shape, appearance and resorption of the alveolar ridge, muscular action and their influence on the mucus membrane, which is in direct connection with the full prosthesis. In therapy with full prostheses, a lower full prosthesis represents a particular problem, which is a challenge for every prosthodontist. Fabrication of a lower full prosthesis greatly depends on morphological characteristics, which arise in the lower jaw with the loss of teeth. The basis of successful fabrication of a lower full prosthesis, apart from correct use of clinical-technological methods, is knowledge of the anatomy of the lower jaw and surrounding structures, their relationship to the base of the lower full prosthesis and the prosthesis itself. In conclusion, each form of therapy has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the implant borne restoration, are clearly increased retention and stability, contact with the mucous membrane is not primary, and the anticipated stimulation of the bone is periimplantary. The disadvantages are the feasibility with regard to the mental state of the patients, position ion the mucous membrane (control of base stability and essential underlaying) and the strength and efficacy of mastication (is comparatively reduced). Clinical advice. Never work with “unknown” patients. Get to know the patient first through diagnostic protocol, assess his/her cooperation, acquaint yourself with indications and general medical, intraoral, time restricted and mentally conditioned contraindications, in order to successfully carry out implantoprosthetic therapy.

14. Novaković M, Krmpotić M. Cementing of Bridges on Implants or Fixation with Screws?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):275.
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    Title in English:	Cementing of Bridges on Implants or Fixation with Screws?
    Title in Croatian:	Cementiranje mosta na usadcima ili fiksacija vijcima?
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION CEMENTATION DENTURE, PARTIAL, FIXED
    Abstract:	The question of whether to cement or fix a bridge on implants by means of screws is still one of the frequent dilemmas in implantology. In the early days of implantology fixation with screws was considered the only adequate solution. With the development of the profession, primarily biomechanics and componentistics, cementing has increasingly become the method of choice. Both possibilities are described in the presentation, with emphasis on the features in clinical application. Fixation with screws represents a simple, fast and inexpensive method, while cementing is more suitable in aesthetically demanding cases and in the case of extreme vestibular inclination or disparallelism of the implant. Two typical cases are shown of distal bridges in the upper jaw, of which one is cemented and the other fixed with screws.

15. Krmpotić M. Implantoprosthetic Possibilities of Treating Complete Edentulousness. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):275-6.
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    Title in English:	Implantoprosthetic Possibilities of Treating Complete Edentulousness
    Title in Croatian:	Implantoprotetičke mogućnosti liječenja potpune bezubosti
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	Complete edentulousness represents a relatively frequent indication for implantological treatment. Several concepts of implantoprosthetic therapy of complete edentulousness exist. Some are regarded as uncomplicated implantology, while others are considered one of the most advanced forms of treatment in dental medicine. The poster shows a range of implantoprosthetic therapies for complete edentulousness from 2 implants with overdenture prosthesis to 12 implants and fixed bridges on implants. Important with screws, cemented ceramic bridges. It can be concluded that within these indications there is a great possibility to choose therapy with regard to the wish and possibilities of the patient and degree of training and skill of the therapist.

16. Rozić M, Slatina I. Possibilities of OralRehabilitation by Application of an Implantational System - Case Presentation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):274.
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    Title in English:	Possibilities of OralRehabilitation by Application of an Implantational System - Case Presentation
    Title in Croatian:	Mogućnosti oralne rehabilitacije primjenom implantacijskog sustava - prikazi slučaja
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION REHABILITATION
    Abstract:	The paper presents case presentations from own experience in which a specific implantological system was used. This system differs from other implantological systems. Among other things, it differs in that it has a resilient superconstruction in which a friction system is incorporated. The implant is a cylindrical shape and contains an anti-epithelial membrane which must be placed beneath the level of the bone in order to avoid ingrowing of the epithelium between the bone and the implant. In place of a thread this type of implant has 4 apices which together with the antiepithelial membrane act as primary fixation elements. The resilient superconstruction successfully imitates the periodontal ligament, which in a fixed prosthesis enables connection of the natural teeth with implants by applying resilience of around 20 μ, and in a mobile prosthesis imitation of resilience of the mucous membrane of around 80 μ, and in this way contributes in both cases to correct reduction of masticatory forces, which is the best protection of the implant. Each superconstruction has a friction cap which is fixed into the prosthetic restoration, and with its internal area lies conically on the primary part of the superconstruction, where frictional forces are created of 2200 g, enabling placement of the prosthetic device without cementing. The advantage of such fixing is the possibility of controlling the gingiva and implant beneath the prosthetic device. Thanks to the characteristics of these superconstructions the construction of prosthetic devices on implants is greatly simplified. Taking imprints on these superconstructions is identical to taking imprints on natural ground teeth. The features of this implantation system widen the possibilities for construction of fixed, combined and mobile prosthetic devices.

17. Ćatić A, Sušić M, John O. Important Features of Implantoprosthetic Systems from the Perspective of the Dental Prosthodontist. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):266.
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    Title in English:	Important Features of Implantoprosthetic Systems from the Perspective of the Dental Prosthodontist
    Title in Croatian:	Bitne značajke implantoprotetičkih sustava iz perspektive stomatologa protetičara
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	PROSTHODONTICS DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	Implantoprosthetic oral rehabilitation of partial or complete edentulousness/edentia represents a complex clinical problem. The solution of such problems and appropriate care of patients, ensuring functional and aesthetic durability of the implantoprosthetic restoration, requires an interdisciplinary approach and cooperation of experts in the field of implantology and dental prosthetics. It also depends on a number of factors which include the features of the constructive elements of the implantology system itself, the method of taking impressions and transfer of the situation in the mouth of the patient to the dental technical laboratory, choice and treatment of the stump, technique of fabricating the prosthetic restoration, and the method of fixing the finished restoration in the patient’s mouth. The study includes an examination and presentation of the important features of different implantoprosthetic systems which have an influence of the simplicity and preciseness of use of their components from the viewpoint of the prosthodontist and dental technician, the quality of the fabricated prosthetic restoration on implants, its functional and aesthetic durability, and the total success of implantoprosthetic therapy.

18. Katanec D, Kobler P, Kuna T, John O, Gabrić D. Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Distal Edentulousness by Immediate Placement of Dental Implants - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):263-4.
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    Title in English:	Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of Distal Edentulousness by Immediate Placement of Dental Implants - Case Report
    Title in Croatian:	Implantoprotetička rehabilitacija distalne bezubosti imedijatnom ugradnjom zubnih usadaka - prikaz slučaja
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy REHABILITATION DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	Immediate placement of an implant in the fresh alveoli of an extracted tooth has many advantages compared to delayed implantation. In the first place the shortened period of implant prosthetic rehabilitation of approximately 6-8 months, which is the time necessary for the alveoli to fill with the newly formed bone, the smaller number of surgical interventions, prevention of bone resorption and better positioning of the implant. Histomorphometrical analyses on an experimental model have demonstrated that healing of the bone defect around the immediately placed implant in post-extraction alveoli is complete and that the possibility of osseointegration better than in the case of delayed implantation. The reason is the greater potential for healing fresh extractive alveoli. Schultes’s investigation showed that the percentage of osseointegrated surface 6 months after immedi-ate placement of implants was 80%, compared with delayed implantation where this percentage was somewhat less, 75%. An example is given of a female patient, aged 56 years, with distal partial edentulousness/edentia of the left side of the upper jaw. Complete implantoprosthetic rehabilitation was achieved by a combination of two different types of implants and the technique of immediate implantation of a conical, screw implant into the fresh alveoli of an extracted left upper canine. An example will also be given of immediate implantation with augmentation of the bone defect by autologous bone transplant in the case of loss of one tooth in the frontal region and an example of immediate implantation on the site of extracted lower canines, with anchors of the lower supporting prostheses.

19. John O, Sušić M, Ćatić A. Case Presentation of Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation in the Case of Loss of Intermaxillary Space in the Lateral Segment. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):262-3.
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    Title in English:	Case Presentation of Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation in the Case of Loss of Intermaxillary Space in the Lateral Segment
    Title in Croatian:	Prikaz slučaja implantoprotetičke rehabilitacije kod gubitka međučeljusnoga prostora u lateralnom segmentu
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	REHABILITATION DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	Loss of intermaxillary relations due to wear or carious destruction of tooth crowns is an everyday problem in prosthetic therapy. As a rule it includes long-term oral rehabilitation with splints, and in situations with a maintained supportive segment fixed prosthetic therapy with inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges. In extreme situations contact between the maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridge can occur. A case is presented of implantoprosthetic rehabilitation in bilateral loss of intermaxillary space as a result of long-term carious destruction of teeth crowns, with maintained intermaxillary relation in the intercanine segment. In cooperation with a specialist in dental prosthetics, a plan of therapy was drawn up, based on the maintenance of existing intermaxillary relations. Therapy with a bite splint would have involved change in the intermaxillary angle, and was therefore abandoned because of the need to maintain the existing vertical dimensions of occlusion in the intercanine segment. Following conservative treatment of the remaining teeth, in the intercanine segment, intermaxillary relations were registered, OPG of the patient was digitalised and the height of the alveolar ridge measured by specially developed software (Dentist 1.1. Pelsys, Croatia). Measurement confirmed that reduction of the alveolar ridge by 7-9 mm in the area of the right first premolar up to the first molar, and 4-7 mm in the area of the left first premolar up to the first molar, would ensure sufficient space for a fixed prosthetic restoration, without endangering integrity and biomechanics of the lower jaw. Extraction of the remaining teeth roots was performed bilaterally in the mandible, and levelling of the alveolar ridge of the mandible. At the same time two implants each were implanted on place 34 (length 9.5 mm, diameter 3.5 mm), 36 (length 9.5 mm, diameter 4.5 mm), 44 (length 9.5 mm, diameter 4.5 mm) and 46 (length 9.5 mm, diameter 4.5 mm). After a period of osseointegration of 4 months a fixed prosthetic restoration was fabricated with which the patient’s habitual intermaxillary relation was retained.

20. Sušić M, John O, Ćatić A, Karlović Z. Possible Application of Xenogeneic Osseous Implants in Dental Implantology. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):256.
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    Title in English:	Possible Application of Xenogeneic Osseous Implants in Dental Implantology
    Title in Croatian:	Mogućnosti uporabe ksenogenoga koštanog usatka u dentalnoj implantologiji
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	In the reconstruction of bone defects use is made of autologous (autogenous), allogenous (homologous), xenogeneic (heterogeneous) and alloplastic (synthetic) osseous implants.Xenogeneic and alloplastic materials are today some of the most frequently used materials for the reconstruction of bone defects in oral surgery. Xenogeneic materials are produced from inorganic animal bones and have the effect of stimulating the process of osseoconduction. It is characterised by the formation of new bone by apposition of adjacent bones and differential mesenchymal cells in the non-vital bone implant. The paper presents several cases of possible application of xenogeneic material:1. Application of xenogeneic material in the case of loss of the buccal wall of the upper alveolar ridge.2. Application of xenogeneic material in lateral sinus lifting.3. Application of xenogeneic material following tooth extraction, cystectomy and immediate implantation.4. Application of xenogeneic material in the case of insufficient height and width of the upper alveolar ridge.5. Application of xenogeneic material following the loss of bone due to complications caused by inadequate implantation.The presented cases of the application of xenogeneic osseous implant confirm the value of its comprehensive use in the reconstruction of various bone defects.

21. Plančak D, Božić D, Jelušić D. Radiographic and Prosthetic Assessment Prior to Implantoprosthetic Therapy. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):254-5.
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    Title in English:	Radiographic and Prosthetic Assessment Prior to Implantoprosthetic Therapy
    Title in Croatian:	Radiološka i protetička procjena prije implantoprotetičke terapije
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	One of the fundamental pre-conditions for successful therapy by osseo-integrating implants is good pre-surgical planning. The aim of this work is to present the possibilities of radiographic and prosthetic evaluation prior to surgical treatment in the case of partial edentulousness.in the distal part of the mandibula. Diagnostic wax-up is done on a model of the jaw. After which a pattern is made of vacuum thermoplastic foil. Metal pellets of known diameter are placed in the positions of the waxed-up teeth to enable radiographic evaluation of the possibility of implantation in the planned positions. Classical orthopantomography is performed on the basis of which a multi-layer tomogram is done with exact cross-sections of the mandibula in the positions of future implants. On the basis of radiographic findings the position and length of the implants are determined. The classical two-phase surgical protocol is described and surgical technique with intraoral pre-prosthetic patterns. Astratech microthread implants of conical profile are used to ensure that the implant diameter is as close as possible to the diameter of the future tooth. The length of an implant is determined in accordance with the cited radiographic analysis, so that the implant in position 35 is shorter in relation to implants 34 and 37, due to the anatomic position of the foramen mentale. During surgical positioning of implants, apart from the position which is defined by the pattern, in the vertical direction the implants are positioned in accordance with the biological width of the mucous membrane and finally with periodontal aesthetic requirements. The results show the success of the therapy following good planning and preparation. The advantage is shown of multi-layer tomography in planning and determining the anatomical-morphological characteristics of the lower jaw, which provides assurance in the choice of length and particularly the width of the implant. Pre-surgical planning is a procedure by which it is possible to foresee the position of an implant and aesthetics of future prosthetic work, and thus to facilitate the surgical intervention.

22. Borčić J, Petričević I, Sušić M, Kraljević S. Prosthodontic or Implantoprosthetic Treatment of Edentulous Areas. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):252.
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    Title in English:	Prosthodontic or Implantoprosthetic Treatment of Edentulous Areas
    Title in Croatian:	Protetička ili implantološka sanacija bezubih prostora
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	Loss of teeth not only leads to aesthetic but also to functional impairment of the stomatognathic system. Solving edentulousness still presents a great challenge in contemporary dentistry. Various approaches are possible depending on the type and number of lost teeth, and also the condition of surrounding tissue. Regardless of whether it is a case of a single tooth or several, it is necessary to know the function of the masticatory organ and therapeutic procedures in order to correctly carry out treatment. Lack of teeth can be dealt with orthodontically, prosthetically or implanto prosthetically. Which method is chosen depends on the case itself, choice of therapist and on the practicability and cooperation of the patient. This study presents several cases which were treated by classical prosthetic restorations, as opposed to several similar cases which treated by intra-osseous implants and prosthetic constructions on the implants.The purpose of this presentation is to show different methods of treatment of the same or similar cases, and to give guidelines to clinicians, when and in which cases a particular treatment should be opted for. It is important to mention that the information acquired by the therapist, as well as the patient, represents the key role in the choice of the most suitable therapeutic procedure.

23. Kobler P, Cikač E. Are Our Patients in Favour of Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):251-2.
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    Title in English:	Are Our Patients in Favour of Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation?
    Title in Croatian:	Jesu li naši bolesnici skloni implantoprotetičkoj rehabilitaciji?
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	Based on 12-year experience we can answer affirmatively. Another question is whether patients, in spite of the daily promotions in the media by some dental surgeries, are sufficiently familiarised with the realistic possibilities of such rehabilitation. If we compare data on the number of examined patients referred for construction of an implant with the number of those in whom implants had been constructed, it can be concluded that only 30% of the cases showed indication for such rehabilitation. As a number of our patients give up because of financial reasons, the duration of the procedure, or because of local and general contraindications, the aforementioned percentage is considerably smaller. In Europe today there are 253 different implantological systems on the market, and in German dental surgeries 250 000 implantations are performed each year, regardless of the fact that the public health insurance does not cover the costs of such treatment. Although we shall never be able to compare ourselves with such countries, we have to aspire to educate our students, dentists and specialists in order to enable them to define indications and participate in the various phases of such rehabilitation, and later in the maintenance of implants and prosthetic restorations. We must not give unrealistic promises to patients, and compromising solutions should be avoided, often in spite of the patient’s contrary insistence. The basis of success is in the planning and teamwork, in which the dental technician is also included. On the other hand, our patients are not sufficiently conscientious regarding the maintenance of oral cavity hygiene, and still less the habit of regular check-ups after implantoprosthetic rehabilitation.We will present several patients motivated for implantoprosthetic rehabilitation, in whom, because of different contraindications, implantation was not carried out, and the patients were supplied with classical prosthetic devices. We will also demonstrate that occasionally implantoprosthetic rehabilitation leads to good results in patients with worn out prosthetic devices and periodontopathy.

24. Kahnberg KE. Implant Surgery in the Posterior Region of the Jaws. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):245.
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    Title in English:	Implant Surgery in the Posterior Region of the Jaws
    Title in Croatian:	Kirurški postupci u stražnjem dijelu čeljusti u dentalnoj implantologiji
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	Implant surgery in the posterior regions of the upper and lower jaws is in cases with a satisfactory bone volume of the alveolar process not difficult. However, in cases of alveolar atrophy the anatomical limitations with the maxillary sinus cavity and the alveolar nerve canal the situation becomes more problematic and has to be solved by different kinds of graft techniques. Sometimes alveolar nerve transportation can be indicated. However with the techniques which are available today most cases can be solved with good results. The presentation will illustrate some of the solutions for implant rehabilitation in the posterior regions of the upper and lower jaw.

25. Ellner S, County K. Prosthetic Options in Implant Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(3):245.
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    Title in English:	Prosthetic Options in Implant Dentistry
    Title in Croatian:	Protetičke mogućnosti u dentalnoj implantologiji
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	The prosthodontic evaluation of the patient’s condition is very important and has an influence on implant treatment. Many specific conditions determine the course of implant treatment and should be evaluated before the final treatment paln is presented to the patient. The lecture will present and discuss different prosthetic options from single teeth to full arch bridges with emphasis on cosmetics and long term implant and component stability.

26. Krmpotić M. Medical and Financial Aspects of Surgical-Prosthetic Therapy of the Atrophic Mandible-Vestibuloplastics vs. Implantology. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2004;38(4):281.
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    Title in English:	Medical and Financial Aspects of Surgical-Prosthetic Therapy of the Atrophic Mandible-Vestibuloplastics vs. Implantology
    Title in Croatian:	Medicinski i financijski aspekti kirurško-protetske terapije atrofične donje čeljusti, vestibuloplastika vs. Implantologija
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION ALVEOLOPLASTY ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS
    Abstract:	In this presentation indications are shown for preprosthetic surgical therapy of the atrophic mandible. The surgical technique of vestibuloplastics and implantation of 2 dental implants in the mandible are analysed. The positive and negative aspects of the surgical procedure and subsequent prosthetic treatment are explained. Intraoperative and postoperative complications are mentioned, and the longterm prognosis of the treatment result is given. Finally, an analysis is made of financial costs connected with both types of treatment.

27. Perić B, Ćabov T. The Advantages of Implant Therapy in Management of Edentulous Jaw - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):370.
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    Title in English:	The Advantages of Implant Therapy in Management of Edentulous Jaw - Case Report
    Title in Croatian:	Mogućnosti implantološke terapije u rješavanju totalne bezubosti - prikaz slučaja
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION JAW, EDENTULOUS + therapy
    Abstract:	Long term use of a conventional denture typically results in advanced alveolar bone loss, following a decrease of intermaxillary space and lack of stability.There a few ways in implant prosthodontics treatment of completely edentulous jaws. In this case report we show the use of two implants in completely endentulous patients and prosthetic rehabilitation with snap attachment.The advantages of implant prostodontics are relatively easily placement into the bone, stable implant assisted overlay denture, and relatively acceptable price.

28. Krmpotić M. The Applicability of Dental Implants in Maxillofacial Reconstruction. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):353.
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    Title in English:	The Applicability of Dental Implants in Maxillofacial Reconstruction
    Title in Croatian:	Primjenjivost dentalnih usadaka u maksilofacijalnoj rekonstrukciji
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS
    Abstract:	The use of dental implants is of great benefit in prosthodonic rehabilitation of patients with acquired jaw deformities. Most of these patients have such an inconvenient anatomical situation that the use of customary prosthodontics is not possible. Dental implants enable the making and retention of individualy designed prosthodontics in such patients. This presentation is a preliminary report of a prospective study on 12 patients with deformities and compromised bone which were treated with more than 40 dental implants. The quality of osseointegration is observed, measured and compared to implants in normal noncompromised bone.Patients from this study are presented. More than 40 implantations in altered maxilla, mandibula and mastoid bone are shown. The presurgical and surgical phase of therapy is described and debated.Conclusion of this preliminary report is that dental implants are completely safe and predictible method of treatment, even in the most difficul and compromised anatomical situations.

29. Szabo G, Kocsis L, Szanto P, Thamm F. Effect of Long-Term Cycling Load for Abutment Screw Fixation in Implant Prosthodontics. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):324.
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    Title in English:	Effect of Long-Term Cycling Load for Abutment Screw Fixation in Implant Prosthodontics
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION PROSTHODONTICS DENTAL ABUTMENTS
    Abstract:	The aim of this in vitro study was to use rotational tests on commercially available abutment screws to evaluate their potential for preload generation and to follow changes in torque by using newer fixation geometry on the interface of the implant-abutment screw joint. Five identical implant/abutment assemblies were chosen from each of the following systems: external hex with standard abutment and Replace with TorgTite screw (Nobel Biocare), Camlog universal abutment (Altatec Biotechnologies), DenTi internal hex (Dentimplant Ltd. Szentes, Hungary), straight abutment with internal antirotational element (Uniplant, Sinalisal, Budapest). Wax patterns of the upper premolar were performed and then cast from nickel-chrome alloy and full crown castings were cemented on abutments. In a test machine the magnitude and time of chewing function was predefined by using the desired force pattern. Each specimenwas stressed for cycles equivalent to an intaoral load of 5 months or longer timescale. In the static test greater loss in torques was calculated for standard Branemark and Replace screw joints.Assuming that the optimum proportion is the same when we calculate loosening versus tightening torque we obtained a decrease between 0.70-0.59 for Replace and Branemark abutments and a more moderate loss of between 0.90-0.84 for the other systems investigated. The ten month equivalent cycling test produced a loosening torque of 16-17 Ncm for Branemark and Replace abutments. Similar decrease in torque was not found for theother three systems. It was concluded that different approach in achievement of necessary mechanical integration can be seen in implant systems, although a reliable loosening torque could be measured after a longer time scale.

30. Hedzelek W, Zagalak R, Mroz B, Biskupski P, Lodygowski T, Wierszycki M. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Assembling Conditions and the Tolerance of Adapted Implantological Components on the Durability of the Prosthetic Construction. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):323-4.
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    Title in English:	Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Assembling Conditions and the Tolerance of Adapted Implantological Components on the Durability of the Prosthetic Construction
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION PROSTHODONTICS
    Abstract:	Durable fastening of implant retained prosthetic restorations, consisting of a series of elements, is one of the main factors of successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Clinically observed mechanical problems concerning the above mentioned components are complications that occur most often in the loading phase. The aim of this research was evaluation of the suppleness of the implant- -anti-rotary abutment construction to loosening under the influence of labile mechanical stress. Numerical analysis of resistance based on the finite element analysis (FEA) was used in the initial phase of this research. The actual tests were done with the use of a dynamic mechanical analyser Netzsch DMA 242 and a polarisation microscope equipped with a CCD camera. A series of implants connected with abutments composed of two parts were analysed. The results of initial studies utilizing the finite element analysis (FEA) allowed definition of the spheres of stress concentration. On the basis of in vitro experiments, the investigators evaluated the influence of tolerance of adapted implant-abutment interface fit, as well as thetorque used in the assembly of the abutment, on the occurrence of micromovements and loosening of components. The results strongly indicate correlation between the chosen variables and the risk of occurrence of mechanical complications.

31. Davis DM, Packer ME, Watson RM. Maintenance Requirements of Implant Supported Fixed Prostheses Opposed by Either Implant Supported Fixed Prostheses or Natural Teeth: 5 Years Results. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):316.
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    Title in English:	Maintenance Requirements of Implant Supported Fixed Prostheses Opposed by Either Implant Supported Fixed Prostheses or Natural Teeth: 5 Years Results
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL IMPLANTATION DENTAL PROSTHESIS, IMPLANT-SUPPORTED
    Abstract:	AIM: To compare the maintenance requirements of implant supported fixed prostheses opposed by implant supported fixed prostheses natural teeth or complete dentures.METHOD: The maintenance requirements were obtained by examining the dental records of 15 people, of whom 6 were edentulous in both arches and 9 edentulous in one arch. The results were compared to those obtained from 22 edentulous people in whom implants had been used in the mandible (control group). All the patients were treated with Nobel Biocare implants using standard implant and prosthetic protocols.RESULTS: The main maintenance requirement was the need to repair part of the superstructure. The artificial teeth and the acrylic resin had to be repaired on 44 occasions in the group with implants in both jaws and 14 occasions in the group with implants opposed by naturalteeth. This compared with 2 occasions in the control group. Similarly the group with implants in both jaws were more likely to fracture the gold alloy framework, an event which occurred on 6 occasions. The Kruskal- Wallis one way analysis of variance on ranks was usedto identify significant differences and Dunn’s method of All Pairwise Multiple Comparison Procedures was used to distinguish which group differed from the other. The group with implants in both jaws was significantly different to the other two groups in relation to the higher incidence of fracture of the teeth and acrylic resin superstructure(p<0.0001) and fracture of the gold alloy framework (p = 0.0002).CONCLUSION: The maintenance requirements of implant supported fixed prostheses opposed by implant supported fixed prostheses are much greater than when opposed by natural teeth or complete dentures.

32. Spiechowicz E, Piekarzczyk J, Gawor E, Stendera P, Ciechowicz B. Follow up Clinical Observations of a Patient with Replantation, Transplantation and Implantation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):316.
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    Title in English:	Follow up Clinical Observations of a Patient with Replantation, Transplantation and Implantation
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	TOOTH REPLANTATION TRANSPLANTATION DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	The paper presents the case of a young female patient treated with T.B.R. implants after unsuccessful replantation. The patient applied for the treatment in the Prosthodontic Department in January 1994, three months after the procedure of retained canine replantation. Before the replantation the patient had been treated with an orthodontic traction device, but the treatment was unsuccessful. The lack of bony restitution and permanent inflammation was the reason for canine extraction and immediate denture application. Bony defect after unsuccessful replantation and canine extraction was the reason for the surgical procedure of augmentation by transplantation from iliac bone 6 months later. Healing after bone augmentation wassatisfactory and provided favourable conditions for implant installation. Two cylinder T.B.R. implants were placed in the region of the missing canines in September 1995. After 6 months the healing screws were connected to the implants. After 1 week a small correction of the gingival flap, pulling the mucous membrane on the labial surface, was made on the right side. Healing then proceeded without additional problems. The final prosthetic restorations were made in March 1996.The patient has a regular check-up. The implant mobility is measured with Periotest and depth of gingival pockets with Florida probe.

33. Vidyasagar L. Overloading of Dental Implants: a Myth or Reality?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):315.
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    Title in English:	Overloading of Dental Implants: a Myth or Reality?
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	INTRODUCTION: Dental implants have reported success rates of over 90% over long periods of time. However, failures still occur and seem to be unpredictable. One factor that is increasingly considered a strong candidate in failure of dental implants is occlusal loading. Overloading of dental implants during functional and parafunctionalactivity has been extensively discussed from the clinical point of view, but little scientific evidence. AIM: The aim of this article is to review literature related to loading and overloading implants through masticatory and parafunctional activity, in order to attempt to clarify causality of overload in relation to implant failure. Materials and Methods: All types of publications, published in English up to December 2001 were included. Pubmed search was done using various keywords and the “related article” feature. All identified publications and in vivo studies were reviewed but case studieswere excluded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Osseointegrated implants can fail due to very high occlusal load under experimental conditions. However, the safe and the overload levels are not known. What is clear is that loss of osseointegration is more frequent in early implant loss in the presence of micromotion. Apart from this, it is difficult to find a clear relationship between loading and invivo tissue response. CONCLUSION: Within the context of the published literature, the consensus on overloading of dental implantsis still an unresolved issue. It can be concluded that more research is required to reach a better understanding on the relationship between overload and interfacial biomechanics. Nevertheless, the clinician should be aware that increased loading, associated with parafunctional activities, has a higher risk of biomechanical complications.

34. Gaggl A, Rainer H, Schultes G, Kobler P, Kärcher H. Callusdistraktion in alveolar ridge defects using the SIS distraction-implant. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1998;32(Suppl):193.
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    Title in English:	Callusdistraktion in alveolar ridge defects using the SIS distraction-implant
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	BONY CALLUS DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	(not available)

35. Rode M, Marion L, Groznik I. Implantoprotetska rehabilitacija bolesnice sa ektodermalnom displazijom [in Croatian]. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1998;32(Suppl):155.
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    Title in English:	nema
    Title in Croatian:	Implantoprotetska rehabilitacija bolesnice sa ektodermalnom displazijom
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION PROSTHODONTICS ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
    Abstract:	(not available)

36. Kansky A. Implantology treatment concepts and control results of 10 patients after a 5-years period. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1998;32(Suppl):153.
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    Title in English:	Implantology treatment concepts and control results of 10 patients after a 5-years period
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	(not available)

37. Donath K. Supracrestal soft tissue of different implant types at the end of the healing period and after years of implant function. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1998;32(Suppl):143.
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    Title in English:	Supracrestal soft tissue of different implant types at the end of the healing period and after years of implant function
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION DENTAL IMPLANTS
    Abstract:	(not available)

38. Fyrberg Arvidson K. The Astra tech dental implants system. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1998;32(Suppl):143.
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    Title in English:	The Astra tech dental implants system
    Title in Croatian:	nema
    Type of Article:	congress abstract
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	(not available)

39. Karabegović D, Zaklan-Kavić D. [Use of synthograft after tooth apicotomy with extensive bone defect and marginal apical communication to periodontium]. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1990;24(3):175-83.
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    Title in English:	Use of synthograft after tooth apicotomy with extensive bone defect and marginal apical communication to periodontium
    Title in Croatian:	Primjena synthograft-a nakon apikotomije zuba s opsežnim koštanim defektom i marginalno apeksnom komunikacijom parodonta
    Type of Article:	original scientific paper
    MeSH:	APICOECTOMY CALCIUM PHOSPHATES PERIAPICAL DISEASES + therapy TOOTH ROOT + surgery ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS + therapy DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	Synthograft (beta-tricalcium phosphate) is a bioresorptive ceramic material which stimulates osteogenesis after implantation into bone defects and disappears from the site of implantation. In this study, Synthograft was used as a filling in bone defects following apicotomy of teeth with extensive periapical and lateral bone defects along the tooth root involving more than 1/3 of the root, and when an extended periodontal fissure was present in addition. The study included 13 patients with one or more teeth involved. The tricalcium phosphate powder was mixed with patient's own blood and inserted into bone cavities. The patients were followed up during 12 months after surgery by clinical and radiographic control examinations. In all the 13 cases, clinical results were very good, i.e. healing of the wound proceeded without any signs of inflammation, whereas later in the course of follow-up no signs of reaction to the foreign material were observed. Preoperatively loose teeth had gradually become firm and after 12 months were within the limits of physiological motility. Roentgenograms revealed the bone cavities to have filled with newly formed bone, and the periodontal ligament, otherwise lost, was also restored. Results of this study showed the Synthograft implant to be well tolerated by recipients, thus it can be recommended as a filling in extensive bone periapical and lateral defects after tooth apicotomy.

40. Markus Z, Zaklan-Kavić D, Kobler P. [Experimental studies of tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) for dental implants]. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1983;17(2):125-31.
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    Title in English:	Experimental studies of tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) for dental implants
    Title in Croatian:	Eksperimentalno ispitivanje svojstava tetrafluoretilena za izradu dentalnih implantata.
    Type of Article:	not determined
    MeSH:	ANIMALS BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS BONE AND BONES + anatomy & histology DENTAL IMPLANTATION MICE POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS SKIN + anatomy & histology
    Abstract:	(not available)

41. Miše I. [Internal implants]. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1969;4(3):118-22.
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    Title in English:	Internal implants
    Title in Croatian:	Unutarnji implantati.
    Type of Article:	not determined
    MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION
    Abstract:	(not available)