List of Articles by Author

1. Rinčić N, Čelebić A, Baučić I, Stipetić J, Miko S, Prohić E. The Release of Ions from the Base Co-Cr-Mo Casting Alloy in Vitro into the Phosphate Buffer at pH 6.0. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(1):13-23.
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   Title in English:	The Release of Ions from the Base Co-Cr-Mo Casting Alloy in Vitro into the Phosphate Buffer at pH 6.0
   Title in Croatian:	Otpuštanje iona iz bazne Co-Cr-Mo slitine u fosfatni pufet pH 6
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	VITALLIUM + adverse effects DENTAL ALLOYS + adverse effects
   Abstract:	The purpose of this study was to examine how WIRONIT® alloy behaves in phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 (which simulate human saliva) over a relatively long period of time and to establish the type and amount of ions released from the casting alloy. The study also attempted to determine the influence of the time period, during which the casting alloy was exposed to the phosphate buffer at pH 6.0. and 15.8 height) were tested. Release of ions was measured on ten occasions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. An analysis of the solution into which samples of the tested alloy were plunged using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) showed that cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) ions were released during the month. Co ions were released from the base Co-Cr-Mo alloy in the greatest amount while Fe ions were released in the smallest amount. The results of this study indicate that the time of exposure to the phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 had statistically significant influence (p<0.01) in the release of all detected ions from the Co-Cr-Mo alloy.

2. Stipetić J, Čelebić A, Baučić I, Rinčić N, Ćatić A, Baučić M. The Release of Nickel Ions from Three Different Dental Casting Alloys. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(4):381-95.
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   Title in English:	The Release of Nickel Ions from Three Different Dental Casting Alloys
   Title in Croatian:	Otpuštanje iona nikla iz triju različitih zubnih slitina
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL ALLOYS + adverse effects NICKEL
   Abstract:	The objective of the current study was to investigate the release of Ni ions from the following three dental casting alloys: high-noble Au-Pt alloy, and non-noble (base metal) Ni-Cr and Co-Cr- Mo alloys. The purpose of the study was also to determine whether the solution in which an alloy is submerged as well as its pH level and the exposure time have any effect on the amount of released Ni ions from the three above mentioned alloys. Three commercial alloys were used in the experiments: two base metal alloys, Ni-Cr (Wiron 99®, Bego, Germany) and Co-Cr-Mo alloy (Wironit®, Bego, Germany) and one high noble, Au-Pt alloy (Noble Metals Refinery, Zagreb, Croatia). Ni-Cr alloy samples and Co-Cr-Mo alloy samples, rollers of identical dimensions with diameters of 8 mm and heights of 15.8 mm were used, made by the manufacturer. The samples of Au-Pt alloy were plates with dimensions of 8 mm and height of 1 mm, also made by the manufacturer. All the samples were submerged in three different solutions over a certain period of time. The phosphate buffered solution at the pH = 6 level, rapresented human saliva, whereas lactic acid, to which certain amounts of acetic and formic acids, pH=3.5 (0.1 M lactic acid, 0.1 M NaCl, 1% acetic acid and 1% formic acid) were added to represent the condition that is created below dentobacterial plaque. The phosphate buffered solution ( pH=3.5), which was composed according to established pharmacopeical standards was used for comparison, since such extremely acid conditions do not exist in the oral cavity environment. Six samples were used for each tested dental alloy (n=6), for each solution separately and for each tested time interval, and thus 180 samples were used or 540 samples in total. The ion release from the above tested dental alloys in the above mentioned solutions was measured over 10 time intervals, i.e. after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 days and 30 days respectively. Solutions were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometar with inductively coupled plasma (ICP - AES) JY 50, France. Results of the analysis lead to the following conclusions:1. In the following dental alloys (Ni-Cr, Au-Pt, Co-Cr-Mo) the manufacturer states the presence of Ni only in Ni-Cr alloy. Resultsshow that Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy released Ni ions, but the Au-Pt alloy did not, even at low pH levels.2. During the initial period of exposure Ni ions were released from the Co-Cr-Mo alloy in small amounts (10 μg/L) while increase in ion release was observed on the sixth day in the phosphate buffered saline at pH 3.5. Significant Ni ions release also occurred on the 21st day and 30th days respectively in the phosphate buffered solution at pH 6 (artificial saliva) as well as in lactic acid at pH 3.5 (dentobacterial plaque) when amount of the Ni ion release exceeded the approved daily dietary intake of this oligo-element.3. The Ni-Cr alloy released great amounts of Ni ions in all three solutions so that on the very first day of measurement these amounts exceeded the approved daily dietary intake of this element. Gradually, the amount of the released Ni ions increased with great variability in all solutions. However, the greatest increase in Ni ions release was noted in the phosphate buffered saline, at pH 6 level (artificial saliva) where it exceeded the approved daily dietary intake of this element. Therefore, this alloy should be used exclusively for fabrication of metal-ceramic appliances and should be fully covered by ceramic.

3. Stipetić J, Ćatić A, Čelebić A, Baučić I, Rinčić N, Ćatić A, Rajić-Meštrović S. Investigation of Ion Released from Ni-Cr Alloy in Various Acidity Conditions. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):348.
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   Title in English:	Investigation of Ion Released from Ni-Cr Alloy in Various Acidity Conditions
   Title in Croatian:	nema
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	CHROMIUM ALLOYS + chemistry
   Abstract:	Cytotoxicity is in direct correlation to the level of ion release, with non-precious alloys having higher ion release than that of precious alloys. The most often used non-precious dental alloy is Ni-Cr alloy.The aim of the investigation was to determine the type and quantity of ions released from Ni-Cr alloy (Wiron 99(r), Bego, Germany), in acid solutions with different pH values, and to determine the influence of the type of acid solution, its pH value, and duration of interaction on ion release. The overall sample consisted of 180 pieces ofNi-Cr alloy, 60 samples submerged in each of three different solutions (buffered phosphate solutions pH 3.5 and pH6, and lactic acid solution pH 3.5). Quantity of ion release was measured on solution samples taken at 10 different time intervals by means of the ICP-AES method. Average release of Ni ions in lactic acid solution was432.42 μg/L, while the highest average Ni+ ions release of 541.67μg/L was measured in buffered phosphate solution pH 6.0. MANOVA demonstrated significant influence of the type of solution on Ni ion release (p<0.01), while the time of exposure was not a significant factor (p=0.23). Zn ions demonstrated the lowest average ion release (88.95 μg/L, phosphate solution pH 3.5). Statisticallysignificant influence of the type of solution and pH value on ion release was determined, except for chromium ions (p<0.05). Dentobacterial plaque acidity is sufficient to start corrosion of Ni-Cr dental alloys.

4. Čelebić A, Stipetić J, Rinčić N, Ćatić A, Baučić I, Filipović-Zore I, Bratolić V, Prohić E. Trace Element (TE) Release from Two Different Base Alloys Under Conditions Imitating Oral Saliva. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):347.
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   Title in English:	Trace Element (TE) Release from Two Different Base Alloys Under Conditions Imitating Oral Saliva
   Title in Croatian:	nema
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	TRACE ELEMENTS + analysis DENTAL ALLOYS + analysis SALIVA + chemistry
   Abstract:	Electrochemical conditions in the oral cavity lead to a release of metal ions into the patient's saliva. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the types andquantities of metal ions released from two base alloys: Co-Cr-Mo alloy (WironitR, Bego, Germany) and Ni-Cr alloy (Wiron 99, Bego, Germany) under in vitro conditionsimitating artificial saliva. We soaked ten sets of each alloy having 497 mm2 exposure surface for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days (six pieces each set) in phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.0). TE in the phosphate buffered saline (saliva) were assessed by ICP-AES (JY50P, Jobin-Ywon, France) with the detection limit of 10 mg/L. We found detectable amounts (mg/L) of TE (Mean SD) released from Co-Cr-Mo alloy (Mean SD): Co 337 (170), Fe 21 (15) Zn 87 (56), Ni 41 (68), and Cr 49 (42) and detectable amounts of TE released from Ni-Cr alloy (Mean SD): Co 265 (300), Fe 247 (256) Zn 92 (46), Ni542 (668), and Cr 396 (410). The manufacturer did not indicate the presence of Fe, Zn, and Ni in the Co-Cr-Mo alloy and the presence of Fe, Co and Zn, in the Ni-Cr alloy. A significantly higher amount of Fe, Ni and Cr was released from Ni-Cr alloy (p<0.05), and a considerablyhigher amount of Co was released from Co-Cr-Mo alloy, although it did not reach a statistically significant level (p>0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two alloys for Fe ion release (p>0.05). We must keep in mind that the amount of the released TE may be much higher than the reported values in this study, afterthe laboratory procedures (casting, polishing, etc.) and allergenic essential TE Cr, Co, and Ni may be present locally in a considerably higher amount.

5. Baučić I, Baučić M, Stipetić J, Čelebić A, Rinčić N, Bratolić V, Miko S. A Comparison of Trace Element (TE) Release from High Noble Au-Pt Alloy and Base Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Under In Vitro Conditions of Imitating Oral Saliva. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(3):346.
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   Title in English:	A Comparison of Trace Element (TE) Release from High Noble Au-Pt Alloy and Base Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Under In Vitro Conditions of Imitating Oral Saliva
   Title in Croatian:	nema
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	TRACE ELEMENTS + analysis DENTAL ALLOYS + analysis SALIVA + chemistry
   Abstract:	In a moist environment electrochemical conditions lead to release of metal ions into the patient's saliva. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the types and quantities of metal ions released from two alloys: AuPt alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy under in vitro conditions, imitating artificial saliva. We soaked ten sets of Au-Ptalloy pieces having 133 mm2 exposure surface and ten sets of Co-Cr-Mo alloy (WironitR, Bego, Germany) pieces having 497 mm2 exposure surface for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days (six pieces each set) in phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.0) to mimic dental saliva. TE in the phosphate buffered saline (saliva) were assessed by ICP-AES (JY 50P, Jobin-Ywon, France) with the detectionlimit of 10 mg/L. We found detectable amounts (mg/L) of TE (Mean SD) released from Au-Pt alloy (Mean SD): Zn 124 (51), Cu 53 (63), Fe 15 (11) and Cr 18 (25) and detectable amounts of TE released from Co- Cr-Mo alloy (Mean SD): Co 337 (170), Fe 21 (15) Zn87 (56), Ni 41 (68), and Cr 49 (42). The manufacturer did not indicate the presence of Zn and Fe in the Au-Pt alloy and the presence of Fe, Zn, and Ni in the Co-Cr- Mo alloy. Significantly higher amount of Zn was released from high noble AuPt alloy than from Co-Cr-Mo alloy (p<0.05) and a significantly higher amount of Cr wasreleased from Co-Cr--Mo alloy than from Au-Pt alloy. There was no significant difference in the amount of Fe ions released between the two alloys (p>0.05). We must keep in mind that the amount of released TE may be much higher than the reported values after laboratory procedures (casting, polishing, etc.) and, moreover, other TE may become detectable.