List of Articles by Author

1. Knežević G, Sandev S, Knežević D. Complications in Implant Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):103-4.
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   Title in English:	Complications in Implant Dentistry
   Title in Croatian:	Komplikacije u dentalnoj implantologiji
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL RESTORATION FAILURE
   Abstract:	Professional implant meetings are usually places where colleagues speak about their successes, new technological solultions or epidemiological analysis of their results. Failures or complications are usually shown as other people’s results that were inadvertently seen during the work. The aim of this presentation is to highlight expected and unexpected complications seen during the course of work with AstraTech (Sweden) implant system, maily due to the poor surgical planning, inadequate implant diameter and length, variable anatomical an intermaxillary situations, compromises due to the patient health, inadequate choice of prosthetic suprastructure, patient’s poor maintenance and bad habits or other unclear reasons. During 10 years of work with the mentioned implant system, the number of complication, compared to the number of placed implants (250) was in accordance with previously published results. There were 5 (2 %) cases of osseointegration failure; three of them being solved by immediate implantation in the same osteotomy of an implant of same or wider diameter, and two by implantation three months later, at same site, or nearby. In 2 cases (0.8 %) the implants were explanted 5 years after implantation, both due to periimplantitis. In one case the reason was inadequate implant diameter and unappropriate prosthetic suprastructure. The reason was primarily overload of a narrow implant in the first molar region and poor maintenance as well as no recall. In the second case there was mobile mucosa around the implant together with a combination of tooth-to-implant loading. There was one case (0.4 %) liofperiimplantitis after 5 years of function of an implant in a central incisor site that had a cantilever suprastructure. After the removal of suprastructure and resolution of the inflammation, the same abutment was replaced. There were 2 factures (0.8 %) of implants in cases of total edentoulism in the maxilla where two types of implants were used as pillars of a fixed denture. Facture can be explained by bruxism and small cantilevers that leads to screw loosening. The abutments became loose and the implants fractured in the cervical region. In the end, we must mention one (0.4 %) screw fracture during abutment placement on an osseointegrated implant, a difficult and unexplainable complication that requires different prosthetic solutions, or a tiresome procedure of screw retrieval. We noticed some screw loosening; these were retightened. More serious surgical patient’s life threatening complications were not present in the sample.

2. Sandev S, Knežević G. Comparative Analysis of Possible Complications During Oralsurgical Operations Under General Endotracheal and Short Inhalation Anaesthesia. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2004;38(4):285-6.
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   Title in English:	Comparative Analysis of Possible Complications During Oralsurgical Operations Under General Endotracheal and Short Inhalation Anaesthesia
   Title in Croatian:	Usporedba raščlamba mogućih komplikacija tijekom oralnokirurških zahvata u općoj endotrahealnoj i kratkotrajnoj inhalacijskoj anesteziji
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	ANESTHESIA, DENTAL + adverse effects ORAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES
   Abstract:	The object of the study was to investigate the numerous possible complications during oralsurgical procedures in two groups of patients. The patients in the first group were treated under general brief inhalation anaesthesia, i.e. inhalation sedation, while the patients in the second group were treated under general inhalation anaesthesia with intubation. The results of monitoring the parameters of general physiological status and local complications during work were recorded in a previously prepared questionnaire. We determined greater frequency of raised blood pressure, rapid pulse, low oxygenation, fractured teeth during extraction, increased bleeding during and after the procedure, breathing difficulties due to blood and secretion in the respiratory tract, the presence of a foreign body in the respiratory tract, and bruising of the soft tissues of the oral cavity in the group of patients treated under inhalation sedation. Vomiting after the operation was frequently registered in the group of patients under general inhalation anaesthesia with intubation, which is a consequence of the longer duration and greater depth of anaesthesia. The results of the investigation, compared with the experience and investigations in the available literature, indicate the need for a more cautious approach to inhalation sedation and the need for further more comprehensive investigations in this field.The investigation showed that during brief inhalation anaesthesia general and local complications can be expected which may threaten the health of the patient.Every more serious complication during work with the application of short inhalation anaesthesia requires the cessation of work and plan for intubation of the patient in order for the operation to be concluded, e.g. fracture of the root which cannot be removed. There were no such examples in the examined sample, although data exists on the same in the Clinical Department of Oral Surgery.

3. Knežević G, Sandev S. Treatment of Large Odontoma of the Mandible by Two-Phase Surgical Procedure. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):344.
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   Title in English:	Treatment of Large Odontoma of the Mandible by Two-Phase Surgical Procedure
   Title in Croatian:	Liječenje velikog odontoma donje čeljusti dvofaznim kirurškim postupkom
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	ODONTOMA
   Abstract:	Two methods are possible in the surgical treatment of large examples of complex odontomas or other odontogenic tumors of the mandible.One is classical intraoral approach, as in the case of alveotomy of retained or impacted teeth, wich im simple to perform in the case of small examples of odontomas, where the bone is still sufficiently preserved, and there is consequently no danger of pathological or iatrogenic fracture of the jaw. It is also possible in the case of large tumors that are easily denucleated from the bony site.Another method is to remove the tumor by means of so-called sagittal osteotomy of the mandible described by Ritersma J, and van Gool AV. 1979.The authors present an example of an unusually large, complex odontoma of the mandibular angle of a 23 yearold man. Because of the possibility of fracture during the operation in one step a two phase surgical procedure was applied, wich proved successful and was acceptable for the patient. The authors cite data from the literature, discussing advantages and disadvantages of different surgical procedures, leaving the audience to decide on justification of all applied surgical procedures to date.

4. Knežević G, Sandev S. Evaluation of Systemic and Local Complications During Inhalation Anaesthesia in Patients With Oral Surgery Treatment. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):343-4.
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   Title in English:	Evaluation of Systemic and Local Complications During Inhalation Anaesthesia in Patients With Oral Surgery Treatment
   Title in Croatian:	Procjena sustavskih i lokalnih komplikacija tijekom kratkotrajne inhalacijske anestezije u pacijenata s oralnokirurškim zahvatima
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	ANESTHESIA
   Abstract:	The aim of the research was to define the disadvantages of short inhalation anaesthesia in children with mental retardation, children with expressive fear of dental or surgical treatment, and adults with some degree of mental retardation unsuitable for regular treatment with local anaesthesia. Monitoring of patients ( pulsoximetry, blood pressure) was done with the intention of recording eventual differences from standard values. The immediate results of monitoring indicated the eventual need for additional medication, to interrupt, stop or repeat the treatment. At the same time we recorded all local complications (fracturing of teeth, excessive bleeding, foreign body in respiratory tract etc.) and the existence of late complications (prolonged bleeding, vomiting) for 2 to 3 hours after the treatment.A group of 84 patients requiring surgical treatment in inhalation anaesthesia is presented. All of them had anaesthesiologic and laboratory examination as the preoperative standard. The treatment was carried out by an oral surgeon, anesthesiologist, technicians and nurses. O2, N2O and Sevoflurane were used for inhalation anesthesia. The age of patients was 1-58 years (av. 29.5). Systemic complications: bronchospasm in two cases /1.68%/, deviations of normal cardiac rhythm 3 /2.52%/ (VES), convulsions (epi) after treatment 1 /0.84%/, saturation O2 under 90% 9 /7.56%/, vomitig after the treatment 1 /0.84%/ high blood pressure was present in 38 /31.92%/ an tachycardia in 45 /37.8%/ of cases.The need to repeat the procedure once occured in 16 /13.44%/ twice 3 /2.52%/ and three times 1 /0.84%/. Foreign body in the respiratory tract 0 /0%/. Local complications: teeth fractures 14 /11.76%/, immediate excessive bleeding 8 /6.72%/, prolonged bleeding 3 /2.52%/. Short inhalation anaesthesia is a successual altenative to general anaesthesia for minor oral surgical interventions but the risk of possible general and local complications has to be considered.

5. Grgurević J, Sokler K, Sandev S, Kuna T, Ivasović Z, Božić D. Comparison of the Bond Strengths of Zinc Phosphate, Glass-Ionomer, and Compomere Cement for Dowel Cementation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):179-89.
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   Title in English:	Comparison of the Bond Strengths of Zinc Phosphate, Glass-Ionomer, and Compomere Cement for Dowel Cementation
   Title in Croatian:	Usporedba vezne čvrstoće cink-fosfatnog, stakleno-ionomernog i kompomernog cementa za cementiranje nadogradnji
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL CEMENTS GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS COMPOMERS POST AND CORE TECHNIQUE CEMENTATION
   Abstract:	In spite of numerous previous studies, there is no final conclusion onwhich type of cement is the best for dowel cementation. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of dowels cemented with three different cement types: zinc phosphate, glass-ionomer, and compomere.Thirty teeth were divided into 3 groups, root-canals were preparedto ISO 140, to 7 mm depth and dowels were cemented. After 40 hours the tensile force needed to dislodge the dowels was recorded. For zinc phosphate it was 175±33.17 N, for glass-ionomer 235.5±46.93 N, and for compomere 275.63±96.42 N.The dowels cemented with compomere had significantly higher tensilestrength than those cemented with zinc phosphate or glass-ionomercement. Glass-ionomer cement had significantly higher tensile strength than zinc phosphate cement. The advantages of zinc-phosphate are its low price and simple usage. Thus, in many clinical situations it may be the cement of choice.

6. Grgurević J, Sokler K, Sandev S, Božić D, Srzentić I, Jovanović N. The Effect of Root Canal Preparation Depth on Retention of Endodontic Dowels. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2001;35(4):459-68.
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   Title in English:	The Effect of Root Canal Preparation Depth on Retention of Endodontic Dowels
   Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj dubine preparacije korijenskoga kanala na retenciju konfekcijskog kolčića
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	ROOT CANAL PREPARATION + instrumentation POST AND CORE TECHNIQUE
   Abstract:	When more than half of the crown of the endodontically treated tooth is missing, reinforcement with a cast post or a prefabricated dowel is needed. Four factors affect dowel retention: diameter, design, length, and employed cement. The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of root-canal preparation depth on retention force, and evaluate the commonly used principles. Thirty teeth were divided into 3 groups, root canals were prepared to 5.7 and 9 mm, and dowels were cemented. After 40 hours the tensile force needed to dislodge the dowels was recorded. At 5 mm depth it was 174.17 ± 29.45 N, at 7 mm 235.5 ± 46.93 N, and at 9 mm 255 ± 72.74 N. There was significant difference between dowel retention at 1/3 and at 1/2 of the root depth (5 and 7 mm). Difference between retention at 1/2 and at 2/3 of the root depth (7 and 9 mm) was not significant.

7. Sandev S, Sokler K, Grgurević J. Traumatic Bone Cysts. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2001;35(3):411-20.
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   Title in English:	Traumatic Bone Cysts
   Title in Croatian:	Traumatske koštane ciste
   Type of Article:	review
   MeSH:	BONE CYSTS
   Abstract:	A method for solving the problem of a patient who was dissatisfied with the shape of the back of his head. Justification for the operation and operation method discussed. In order to plan the operation a plaster cast of the patient's head was used, and for correction of the deformity an implant was constructed of hard silicone. The implant was inserted by means of an incision on the highest point of the back of the head, and fixed to the periosteum. Postoperative course was normal and one year after the operation the patient was satisfied with the result of the operation.

8. Sokler K, Sandev S, Grgurević J. Surgical Treatment of Large Mandibular Cysts. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2001;35(2):245-57.
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   Title in English:	Surgical Treatment of Large Mandibular Cysts
   Title in Croatian:	Kirurško liječenje velikih cista donje čeljusti
   Type of Article:	review
   MeSH:	SURGERY, ORAL + methods JAW CYSTS ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
   Abstract:	Based on a review of available literature sources on the treatment of large mandibular cysts, a comparison of various treatment approaches has been performed in order to identify similarities and differences between the treatment approaches used by domestic and foreign authors.The review shows that basic principles of the treatment of large mandibular cysts are changing in Croatia as well as abroad. Marsupialisation methods are being gradually replaced by different methods which all primarily close the bone defect, as in the Partsch II method. Methods differ only in the approach used to close it. The common goal of all these methods is to reduce the postoperative bone defect in order to reduce the possibility of coagulation, infections and to heal the wounds primarily.These methods lead to significantly reduced duration of the treatment of large mandibular cysts.The choice of the most suitable method is left to the surgeon, who, based on his experience and results obtained with a particular method in the past, has to choose the method which will pose the least possible stress on the patient and ensure the shortest treatment time.

9. Sandev S, Sokler K. Styloid Process Syndrome. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2000;34(4):445-56.
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   Title in English:	Styloid Process Syndrome
   Title in Croatian:	Sindrom stiloidnig nastavka
   Type of Article:	professional paper
   MeSH:	SURGERY, ORAL FACIAL PAIN
   Abstract:	Styloid syndrome is a condition in which an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament causes occasional pain in the neck, a feeling of a foreign body (in the pharynx?) or some other form of retromandibular-cervical pain. In adults the styloid process is approximately 25 mm long with a tip which is located between theexternal and internal carotid arteries, lateral to the pharyngeal wall and the tonsillar fossa.Ossification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligament causes prolongation of the styloid process and clinical symptoms.There are three syndromes closely connected with the styloid process syndrome: Costen's, Trotter's and Myofacial painful syndrome. Diagnosis can be made by a clinical examination and palpation of the tonsillar fossa, during which pain is felt by the patient.Radiographic finding may show several possible variations: elongated, pseudoarticulated and segmented styloid process, and according to the calcification: peripheral, partial, complete or nodular type calcification. Treatment is primarily surgical.The physician's knowledge of possible clinical variations and diverse symptomatology is important.The authors present the case of a female patient with Stylohyoid Syndrome treated by surgical shortening of the elongated styloid process.