List of Articles by Author

1. Živko-Babić J, Jakovac M, Carek A, Lovrić Ž. Implantoprosthetic Therapy of a Missing Front Tooth. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2009;43(3):234-41.
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   Title in English:	Implantoprosthetic Therapy of a Missing Front Tooth
   Title in Croatian:	Implantantno-protetička terapija manjka prednjeg zuba
   Type of Article:	professional paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS, SINGLE-TOOTH JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY
   Abstract:	In the recent decade, implant-prosthetic therapy in partially edentulous patients is more and more suggested therapy. Implant placement in front region is very demanding and technically sensitive. Growing patients’ demands for natural look of prosthetic appliances in visible region of oral cavity forces clinicians for education, knowledge and capabilities. The aim of the study is clinical evaluation of prosthetic-implant therapy in patients with missing front tooth at the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Zagreb. Total of 23 patients had implant therapy during the last decade. The reasons for tooth loss were: caries and fracture of endodontic treated tooth, trauma, anodontia and periodontal disease. Upper medial incisor was replaced in most cases, than upper lateral incisor, upper canine and lower medial incisor. The implants are approximately 5 years in function. No implant failure was reported. Functional durability and esthetic of prosthetic/implant therapy depends on biomechanical factors and lack of infection. Cooperation of patients in this study for regular check-ups was minimal but nevertheless success of therapy was satisfactory.

2. Carek A, Živko-Babić J, Schauperl Z, Jakovac M. Macroscopic Analysis of Co-Cr Base Alloys Joints. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(3):216-24.
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   Title in English:	Macroscopic Analysis of Co-Cr Base Alloys Joints
   Title in Croatian:	Makroskopska analiza spoja odljevaka Co-Cr legura
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL ALLOYS CHROMIUM ALLOYS DENTAL SOLDERING
   Abstract:	Cobalt-chromium alloys are used as standard restorative material in prosthodontics. Some errors in laboratory procedure or breaks of metallic parts during functional period must be repaired. The purpose of this study was to compare joint quality, obtained by different thermal techniques on Co-Cr as cast alloy. Three samples (32x 10 x 1,5 mm) of each alloy were cut and joined by soldering, laser and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. All samples were I-shaped. The connested surfaces were analysed by microscope, under 50 - 200 X magnification. From the macroscopic view, soldering of all specimens was successful. On the welded samples, either by laser or by TIG welding, overlapping of welding spots was insufficient, cracks and porosity were present. There is a need for proper handling and optimization of all parameters (impulse duration, voltage and power) for each applied method and for analysed alloys. It could be concluded that macroscopic analysis of the quality of joint, done by technician, is one of the aspects to predict the functional durability of prosthetic construction.

3. Jakovac M, Živko-Babić J, Ćurković L, Carek A. Chemical Durability of Dental Ceramic Material in Acid Medium. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2006;40(1):65-71.
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   Title in English:	Chemical Durability of Dental Ceramic Material in Acid Medium
   Title in Croatian:	Kemijska postojanost dentalnih keramika u kiselom mediju
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL RESTORATION WEAR DENTAL MATERIALS CERAMICS
   Abstract:	Dental materials need to be thoroughly examined in order to assess their long-term therapeutical value. Chemical degradation of dental ceramic material enhances its roughness, leading to the wear of the opposing natural tooth or restorative material, greater plaque attachment to ceramics, weakening of the ceramic structure causing the critical ion exchange at the surface and enhancing the sensitivity to future chemical agents. The aim of this study was to test loss of mass in samples of four different dental ceramic materials in an acid medium. The least mass loss was recorded in apatite glass ceramic (IPS-Empress 2 for layering) (4.9±0.3 μg/cm2), and most mass loss was recorded in alumina ceramic (Vitadur alpha) (15±0.2 μg/cm2). Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS-Empress 2 for coloring) and alumina (IPS-Classic) showed very similar results (9.4±3.4 μg/cm2 and 10.1±0.3 μg/cm2). The values of mass loss in samples in this work, as well as in the most of the literature, are minimal and presumably do not have any clinical or toxicological effects. However, it does not imply that these values can be generalized and transferred to dental ceramic materials that were not yet analyzed.

4. Živko-Babić J, Carek A, Jakovac M. Zirconimu Oxide Ceramics in Prosthodontics. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2005;39(1):19-28.
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   Title in English:	Zirconimu Oxide Ceramics in Prosthodontics
   Title in Croatian:	Cirkonijeva keramika u stomatološkoj protetici
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	CERAMICS + therapeutic use
   Abstract:	Dental ceramics justifies more frequent use in prosthetic restoration of damaged dental status. Inlays, crowns and three-unit bridges have been made of all-ceramic system. Zirconia dioxide is a well- known polymorph. The addition of stabilising oxides like MgO, Y2O3 to pure zirconia, makes it completely or partially stabilized zirconia which enables use in prosthodontics. Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (TZP) stabilized with 3mol % yttria, has excellent mechanical and esthetical properties. Fixed prosthetic appliances of this ceramic have been made using CAD/CAM techniques. It can be expected that zirconium oxide ceramics will replace metal-ceramics in restorations that require high strength.

5. Živko-Babić J, Carek A, Carek V. ZrO2 Ceramic as an Esthetic Post. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):389-90.
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   Title in English:	ZrO2 Ceramic as an Esthetic Post
   Title in Croatian:	Cirkonijeva keramika kao estetska nadogradnja
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	POST AND CORE TECHNIQUE CERAMICS
   Abstract:	Successful endodontic therapy allows patients to retain severely damaged teeth.A minor retention surface is usually restored with metallic, commercial or individual posts.Silver-gray color posts is an esthetic problem in reconstruction of antetior teeth. Nonmetallic posts in combination with all-ceramic crowns are esthetically preferable for the restoration of endodontically treated anterior teeth with fractured or discolored coronal aspects.Glass ceramics as well as zirconimum oxide ceramik have been used as biomaterials in prosthodontics.Zirconium has good esthetic, chemical and mechanic properties and is dimensionally stable.In this study, a clinical case with prosthetic restoration of an upper fractured incisor has been discribed. After endodontic and radiograph treatment , the root canal was prepared with specific cylindrical steel and diamond burns. Gutta-percha was removed to the optimal depth of the root canal. Zirconium oxide post (Biopost, Alfred Becht GmbH,Offenburg, Germany) was chosen of suitable lenght. After roughening and sandblasting the surface of the ZrO2 post with particles Al2O3, size 150 µm, the post was adhesively cemented. The clinical crown was built with composite. Retraction thread was placed in gingival slucus. Monophase impression was taken. An all-ceramic crown, Empress 2 (Ivoclar, Schaan, Lichtenstein) was made. The ceramiccrown was fixed with adhesive cement. Good esthetic and functional effect was achieved. All phases of the therapy have been illustrated by figures.

6. Buković D, Carek V, Carek A. Examination Vibrations in Dental Procedures. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):316.
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   Title in English:	Examination Vibrations in Dental Procedures
   Title in Croatian:	Ispitivanje vibracija pri stomatološkim zahvatima
   Type of Article:	congress abstract
   MeSH:	VIBRATION + adverse effects DENTISTRY
   Abstract:	Certain health problems may appear both in dentists and dental technicians due to long periods of exposure to vibrations. The aim of the study was to measure and compare some factors related to vibrations which affect the health of dentists and dental techicians, particularly those produced by mocromotors with drills of different shapes, made of different materials rotating at different speeds.Vibrations were measured by an accelerometre which was placed an the technical micromotor and on various body parts of subjects. The device consists of a piezosensor, an amplifier, a filter and mobile recording device. The obtained signals were analysed by the SpectraLAB computer programme and consequently compared with presently valid international standards. Statistical data analysis was carried out by PC software, STATISTICA for Windows, Release 5.5 H and SPSS for Windows, Release 7.5.The main factor that effects vibration is the rotation number used in the course of prosthetic replacement processing.The obtained results point to the fact that the vibration acceleration values are within accepted standards, although the vibration values at 40000 rotations per minute approach the maximum limit of these standards. The spactral analysis of vibration revealed that the rotation number determined the frequencies of the maximum values. Since there is strong evidence to support vibration related illnes in dentists and dental technicians, it is recommended that individuals who use such devices be warned about the possible harmful effects. The obtained results may be used in prevention of such illness. They are also recommended to use rotation speeds which produce the least vibrations.