Browsing of Articles

1. Meštrović S, Šlaj M, Mikšić M. Finite Element Method Stress Analysis Caused by Orthodontic Forces. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):167-78.
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   Title in English:	Finite Element Method Stress Analysis Caused by Orthodontic Forces
   Title in Croatian:	Raščlamba naprezanja i deformacija nastalih djelovanjem ortodontske sile na zub metodom konačnih elemenata
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ORTHODONTICS + methods
   Abstract:	The method of finite elements has proved to be successful for analysis of the transmission of forces and stress in biological systems. The aim of this investigation was to determine differences in the distribution of stress and deformation, depending on different levels of application of simple horizontal orally directed forces on the labial surface of the tooth using a mathematical model of the tooth, with equivalent supportive structures, constructed means of the finite element method. An upper canine, extracted for periodontal reasons, was used as a pattern for construction of the model. A three-dimensional model was obtained consisting of 4000 elements in the shape of a hexahedron and 2367 nodes, totalling 7101 grades of freedom. Horizontal orally directed 1 N force, was applied to the model on five different levels of the tooth crown, vertically on its longitudinal axis. Deformation and stress intensity were observed for all the applied forces and equivalent stress calculated, according to the energetic theory of strength (Huber-Mises- Hencky theory).

2. Grgurević J, Sokler K, Sandev S, Kuna T, Ivasović Z, Božić D. Comparison of the Bond Strengths of Zinc Phosphate, Glass-Ionomer, and Compomere Cement for Dowel Cementation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):179-89.
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   Title in English:	Comparison of the Bond Strengths of Zinc Phosphate, Glass-Ionomer, and Compomere Cement for Dowel Cementation
   Title in Croatian:	Usporedba vezne čvrstoće cink-fosfatnog, stakleno-ionomernog i kompomernog cementa za cementiranje nadogradnji
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL CEMENTS GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS COMPOMERS POST AND CORE TECHNIQUE CEMENTATION
   Abstract:	In spite of numerous previous studies, there is no final conclusion onwhich type of cement is the best for dowel cementation. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of dowels cemented with three different cement types: zinc phosphate, glass-ionomer, and compomere.Thirty teeth were divided into 3 groups, root-canals were preparedto ISO 140, to 7 mm depth and dowels were cemented. After 40 hours the tensile force needed to dislodge the dowels was recorded. For zinc phosphate it was 175±33.17 N, for glass-ionomer 235.5±46.93 N, and for compomere 275.63±96.42 N.The dowels cemented with compomere had significantly higher tensilestrength than those cemented with zinc phosphate or glass-ionomercement. Glass-ionomer cement had significantly higher tensile strength than zinc phosphate cement. The advantages of zinc-phosphate are its low price and simple usage. Thus, in many clinical situations it may be the cement of choice.

3. Musa I, Knezović-Zlatarić D, Čelebić A, Bošnjak A. The Influence of Gender and Age on the Values of Linear Radiomorphometric Indices Measured on the Lower Border of the Mandible. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):191-202.
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   Title in English:	The Influence of Gender and Age on the Values of Linear Radiomorphometric Indices Measured on the Lower Border of the Mandible
   Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj dobi i spola na vrijednost linearnih radiomorfometrijskih indeksa izmjerenih na donjem rubu čeljusti
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	BONE DISEASES, METABOLIC
   Abstract:	Osteopenia (bone loss, first symptom of osteoporosis) can be identified radiographically - by a reduction in radiopacity of bone measuring the bone density or by observation of thinned cortices, porosity of the cortices, or changes in trabecular pattern on dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs). The objective of this study was to measure mental, antegonial and gonial radiomorphometric indices of the mandible on 200 DPRs taking into account age and gender of the participants. Three indices: cortical width at the gonion (GI), antegonion (AI) and below the mental foramen (MI) were measured at the lower border of the mandible, bilaterally on 200 DPRs. The reliability of the measurements (p= 0.89 for a dental student, p=0.93 for a dentist) and agreement between the observers (= 0.81) were satisfactory. The results of the study revealed significant difference between GI measured on the left and right side of the mandible (p<0.001). Male patients demonstrated significantly higher measured values for MI than female patients (p<0.001), and finally, female patients older than 65 years showed significantly lower measured AI values than those younger than 65 years. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the DPR is useful as a simple method of screening patients for evaluation of mandibular bone quality prior to dental treatment.

4. Vrček D, Prpić-Mehičić G, Tambić-Andrašević A, Poljak-Guberina R, Galić N, Katunarić M. The Antimicrobial Effect of Calasept, Superlux Calcium Hydroxide Liner and Gutta-percha with Calcium Hydroxide. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):203-12.
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   Title in English:	The Antimicrobial Effect of Calasept, Superlux Calcium Hydroxide Liner and Gutta-percha with Calcium Hydroxide
   Title in Croatian:	Antimikrobni učinak Calasepta, Superlix calcium hydroxid i gutaperka štapića presvučenih kalcijevim hidroksidom
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CANDIDA ALBICANS GUTTA-PERCHA
   Abstract:	Microorganisms are the main cause of disease in root canals and periapically. Facultative bacteria and fungi have been identified in persistent endodontic infection. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro the efficacy of: Calasept (Speiko, Darmstadt, Germany), Superlux calcium hydroxide liner (Dental Material Gesellschaft, Hamburg, Germany) and gutta-percha with calcium hydroxide (Roeko, Langenau, Germany) in direct contact with microorganisms. The microorganisms used were: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans (NCTC 3123). An overnight mixed broth culture of microorganisms (108 CFU/ml) was prepared. Paper points and gutta-percha points were immersed in suspension for 5 min. The paper points were then covered with Calasept and Superlux calcium hydroxide liner. At intervals of 0; 6; 12; 24; 48 and 72 h at 37°C, aerobically. The antimicrobial effect of Calasept and Superlux calcium hydroxide liner apparently occured after 6h on Enterococcus faecalis and 12 h on Candida albicans. With gutta-percha, this effect did not occur for either Enterococcus faecalis or Candida albicans after 72 h.

5. Brajković B, Macan D. Analysis of Emergency Cases in the Clinic of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):213-21.
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   Title in English:	Analysis of Emergency Cases in the Clinic of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava
   Title in Croatian:	Raščlamba hitnih slučajeva u Klinici za kirurgiju lica, čeljusti i usta KB "Dubrava"
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	EMERGENCIES INFLAMMATION + epidemiology FACIAL INJURIES
   Abstract:	We analyzed emergency cases in order to define the reasons for patient admittance age group and gender, the periods of more frequent arrivals for certain diseases and correlation of particular diseases with age groups. The investigation included 2.766 emergency cases, examined in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during the period from 1 January to 31 December 1998. We took into consideration the following parameters: gender, age, day, month, the reason for admission and the need for urgent hospitalization. Of the 2.766 patients 58,10 % were men, most frequently aged from 16 to 30 years. Saturday and Sunday are the days and May the mounth with the greatest numberof emergency cases. The greatest number of dental trauma occur inpatients yunger than 15 years and the greatest number of bone fractures occur in May. Odontogenic inflammation is most frequent from 16 to 30 years and their occurrence cannot be ralated to any specific time of the year. Odontogenic inflammation which is not a true surgical case according to the clinical appearance is the most common reason for admittance of patients. With regard to the aforementioned, the need for improvement of medical education of patients and general dental services in terms of prevention is required.

6. Ćatović A, Ahmetović A, Komar D, Lazić B, Ulovec Z, Katunarić M. Investigation of the Dynamic Strength of Teeth with Prefabricated Casted Posts and Cores. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):223 -34.
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   Title in English:	Investigation of the Dynamic Strength of Teeth with Prefabricated Casted Posts and Cores
   Title in Croatian:	Istraživanje dinamičke čvrstoće zuba opskrbljenog konfekcijskim i lijevanim nadogradnjama
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	POST AND CORE TECHNIQUE
   Abstract:	Partial or complete deficiency of the clinical crown of non-vital teethleads to a certain degree of deficiency of the dental arch, and to a certain extent disturbed functioning of the masticatory system. In such cases it is necessary to construct posts and cores to strengthen the tooth abutment as the base for crowns and bridges.The aim of the investigation was to compare the resistance of nonvitalteeth, fitted with cast metal and prefabricated posts and cores, todynamic loading in a high frequency pulsator, with special attention todifferent widths of root canal preparation.The results of the fractographic analysis show that the greatest resistance to dynamic loading was found in teeth with narrow prefabricated posts and cores, which endured loading of 1000N for an average 7,497,318 cycles, without the occurrence of fracture. Widening of the root canal in the case of preparation of the intraradicular part of the tooth for posts and cores, of more than 3.5 mm, significantly reduced its retention and increased the possibility of root fracture. All fractures occurred in the tooth root, while the posts and cores retained intact.

7. Meštrović S, Mikšić M, Štefanac-Papić J, Stipetić J. Prevalence of Malocclusion in Patients with Downs Syndrome. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):235-41.
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   Title in English:	Prevalence of Malocclusion in Patients with Downs Syndrome
   Title in Croatian:	Zastupljenost ortodontskih anomalija u ispitanika s Downovim sindromom
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DOWN SYNDROME MALOCCLUSION + complications
   Abstract:	Significant alterations of the cranio-orofacial region have been observed in subjects with Down’s syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of particular orthodontic malocclusion in these subjects. A group of 112 subjects with cytogenetically confirmed diagnosis of Down’s syndrome was examined. All the subjects underwent a complete dental examination. The following classification was used to determine malocclusion of crowding, premature tooth loss, class III malocclusion, open bite, class II division 2 malocclusion, unilateral cross bite and bilateral cross bite. Clipper language programs were designed for data processing. Malocclusion was found in 92% of the subjects. Class III malocclusion was most frequently observed (43.8%). Crowding and unilateral cross bite were found in 15% of the subjects respectively. Bilateral cross bite was present in 5.4% of the subjects. Premature tooth loss was observed in only 1% of the subjects whereas class II division 2 malocclusion was not recorded in any of the subjects examined.

8. Baučić I, Stipetić J, Lazić B, Komar D, Mehulić K, Baučić M. Evaluation of Fixed Prosthodontic Appliances after Five Years of Use Using Orthopantomographic Screening in Relation to Material. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):243-52.
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   Title in English:	Evaluation of Fixed Prosthodontic Appliances after Five Years of Use Using Orthopantomographic Screening in Relation to Material
   Title in Croatian:	Vrjednovanje fiksnoprotetskih radova od pet godina u odnosu prema materijalu izradbe temeljem nalaza na ortopantomogramima
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTURE, PARTIAL, FIXED RADIOGRAPHY, PANORAMIC
   Abstract:	The aim of this study was to screen patients with fixed prosthodontic appliances, in the mouth for a period of 5 years or more, for root caries and pocket formation, deeper than 3 mm. The aim was also to determine the difference between frequency of pathologic findings for different materials of fixed prosthodontic appliances (FPA), or between abutments and natural teeth. A total of 260 patients (55% women and 45% men) aged from 25 to 70 years, who had a fixed prosthodontic appliance for a period of 5 years or more in their mouth and who were fully satisfied, participated in the study. A total of 260 orthopantomographs were analysed with 2265 teeth, 864 were abutments of the bridges, 407 crowns and the rest natural teeth. Radiographs were analysed for root caries and pocket formation. The results reveal relatively high incidence of pathologic findings (caries, periodontal pockets > 3 mm) in patients with FPDs older than 5 years. Periodontal pockets were more frequent than cervical caries. The highest frequency of pathologic findings was registered for abutments with metal acrylic crowns, and the lowest frequency of pathologic findings was registered for abutments with metal-ceramic crowns (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between abutments with metal-ceramic crowns and non-abutment teeth (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in caries incidence between the examined teeth (p>0.05). Non-abutment teeth and abutments of metal-ceramic crowns had significantly lower frequency of pockets deeper than 3 mm than abutments of metal acrylic and fullmetallic crowns (p<0.05).

9. Knezović Zlatarić D, Čelebić A, Lazić B. Resorptive Changes of Maxillary and Mandibular Bone Structures in Removable Denture Wearers. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):253-65.
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   Title in English:	Resorptive Changes of Maxillary and Mandibular Bone Structures in Removable Denture Wearers
   Title in Croatian:	Resorptivne promjene koštanih struktura gornje i donje čeljusti u pacijenata nositelja mobilno-protetskih nadomjestaka
   Type of Article:	review
   MeSH:	DENTURE, PARTIAL, REMOVABLE BONE AND BONES
   Abstract:	Residual ridge resorption is a result of the influence of many differentlocal and systemic factors (patient’s age, traumatic damage, differentpathological conditions, mineral metabolism disorders, osteoporosis,hyperparathyroidism and hormone disbalance).Some parts of the skeleton react differently to the mentioned factors.The resorptive changes are not always the same intensity in all theparts of the skeleton.There are many different results in the investigation of the relationship between maxillary and mandibular resorption and the resorption of the rest of the skeleton.Alveolar ridge resorption is correlated with removable denture wearing. The resorption of the edentulous alveolar ridge is more extensive in full or partial denture wearers with mucosa- or mucosa-gingival support than in partial denture wearers with gingiva-mucosal support.One of the easiest methods for early diagnosis of bone structure changes in the upper and lower jaws is clinical microdensitometry,using a standardised intraoral or panoramic radiograph.

10. Badel T, Pandurić J, Marotti M. Initial Therapy by Stabilization Splint in Patient with Complete Dentures. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):267-78.
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    Title in English:	Initial Therapy by Stabilization Splint in Patient with Complete Dentures
    Title in Croatian:	Inicijalno liječenje stabilizacijskom udlagom u pacijenata s potpunim protezama
    Type of Article:	professional paper
    MeSH:	DENTURE, COMPLETE DENTURE RETENTION SPLINTS
    Abstract:	Patients often wear inadequate complete dentures that become functionally unacceptable due to marked abrasion of the prosthetic teeth and resorption of the denture bone foundation. Symptoms of dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint may also occur. Because of the uncontrollably reduced vertical dimension of complete dentures and the treatment of the signs of temporomandibular dysfunction, as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, wearing of a stabilization (vertical) splint is indicated. The splint is made in an articulator where occlusal relationships are checked and corrected. During the therapy the patient’s subjective symptoms and objective findings are monitored. Successful initial therapy is a precondition for success in final prosthetic treatment by complete dentures.

11. Ćatović A, Seifert D, Katunarić M. Provisional Aesthetic Crowns on a Dowel/Post. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2002;36(2):279-85.
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    Title in English:	Provisional Aesthetic Crowns on a Dowel/Post
    Title in Croatian:	Privremena estetska krunica na kolčić
    Type of Article:	professional paper
    MeSH:	CROWNS POST AND CORE TECHNIQUE
    Abstract:	Provisional crowns are used as a means of protection for a tooth or teeth on which permanent prosthetic therapy is performed. Their function is multiple: biological, aesthetic and mechanical.The paper presents the case of a female patient with insufficiently filled root canal of the upper middle incisor, and an incorrectly placedand erroneously indicated prefabricated dowel. After extraction of thedowel, three methods are presented for construction of an aestheticcrown on a dowel, serving as a provisional crown during endodonticand permanent prosthetic therapy.The presented methods for construction of provisional work with intraradicular anchorage represent possible guidelines for an aestheticapproach to combined endodontic and prosthetic therapy of frontal teeth.