Browsing of Articles

NOTES:

*Articles are cited according to Uniform Requirements by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors - ICMJE and NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors and Publishers

Mikšić M, Šlaj M, Meštrović S. Qualitative Analysis of the Enamel Surface After Removable of Remnant Composite. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):241-50.

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Begić A, Malina J, Matković P. Passivity of Some Dental Materials in Ringers Solution. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):251-60.

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Kovačević M, Tamarut T, Zoričić S, Bešlić S. A Method for Histological, Enzyme Histochemocal and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Periapical Diseases on Undecalcified Bone with Teeth. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):261-73.

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Knezović-Zlatarić D, Ćelić R, Kovačić I, Krstulović L. Setting Procedure of the Fully Adjustable SAM 3 Articulator. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):275-86.

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Banoczy J. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):289-90.

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Title in English:	Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions
Title in Croatian:	Epidemiolgija i rizični čimbenici oralnog kacinoma i prekanceroznih promjena
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	MOUTH NEOPLASMS PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS
Abstract:	Oro-pharyngeal cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men, and the seventh in womne (sixth overall), with marked georgaphical variations. For this site, Hungary has the highest mortality rate among 46 countries, both in males and females, Croatia occupies the third place in male oro-pharyngeal cancer mortality. Since the mid 1960-s, a dramatic increase in mortality has been observed in all Centrall european countries. In Hungary, the oral cancer death rate has shown more that a five-fold increase within this time period. Tobaco use and alcohol consumption are the leading causes of oral cancer, and this relationship is clearly demonstrated in recentassessments. Although there has been a steady reduction in tobacco use in North America and Northen Europe over the past decades, this has not occured in Eastern and Southern Europe. In fact Poland, Greece and Hungary represent three nations with the highest per capita cigarette consumption among 111 countries worldwide, and this rate has increased over the past twenty years. The high level of alcohol consumption in countries with the leading mortality rates- especially Hungaryis also well known. The interaction and/or summation of smoking and alcohol consumption may play a role in augmenting the risk. The mortality in liver cirrhosis - generally linked with alcohol consumption - is in Hungary extremly high. Oral diseases attributable to smoking and/or alcohol consumption, such as oral cancer and oral leukoplakia, show a high prevalence in Hungary. A group of oral leukoplakias, more likely to develop oral cancer, has been defined based on long-term follow-up studies, where the speckled (erosive) type of leukoplakias showed the highest malignancy rate, and therefore could be considered as a risk group for oral leukoplakias. These sad statistics are there, in spite of the fact that oral cancer is accessible both for the eyes, as well as for the palpating hands. Therefore, the new Hungarian Health Program pays special attention to oral cancer, involving recommendations for primary prevention, as well as accentuating the role of the dentist and physician in secondary prevention enabling early diagnosis.

Bill J, Eulert S. Contemporary Aspects of Orthognatic Surgery. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):290.

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Title in English:	Contemporary Aspects of Orthognatic Surgery
Title in Croatian:	Suvremeni aspekti ortognatske kirurgije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ORTHODONTICS + methods
Abstract:	Orthognatic Surgery within the past half decade has become a standard procedure in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery. Based upon the elementary works by Obwegeser introducing the sagittal split ramus osteotomy in the early 50ies, today this procedure has became the gold standard in mandibular orthognathic procedures worldwide. The introduction of devices to ensure the centric condyle position throughout the entire surgery by Luhr in the early 80ies gives another impact to the modern understanding on a complete functional rehabilitation after dysgnathia. Even though the LeFort-I Osteotomy already was introduced by Wassmund in the 20ies it took almost another 50 years until this procedure became accepted in surgery, mainly based on the fear of severe bleeding that may occur during surgery. By introducing compund condyle positioning device to ensure the exact condyle position troughout both procedures of maxillary and mandibular osteotomy respectively, during combined bimaxillary osteotomies as well as the targeted use of distraction devices, today we are able to solve even severest dysgnathia problems. At the Department of Crani-Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the University of Würzburg during the past two decades and far more than 2000 orthognatic surgery cases we are trying to present a broad overview over the development of the latest surgical techniques and clinical results This progress is not possible without the primary and consistent treatment by a specifically skilled orthodontist during primary treatment including the interdisciplinary indication for surgery, the orthognathic preparation of the patient as well as the postoperative treatment. Therefore special emphasis will be put onto the orthognathic treatment, as well as on the technical prerequisites fo rthe surgical procedure.

Coulthard P. Perspectives on Menagement of Dental Pain. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):291.

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Title in English:	Perspectives on Menagement of Dental Pain
Title in Croatian:	Pregled pristupu boli u stomatologiji
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TOOTHACHE + therapy PAIN
Abstract:	Menagement of pain in dental patients is important. Effective menagement of pain requires an understanding of basic pain mechanisms. The traditional view that pain could be adequately described as resulting from the acrivity in a dedicated pathway originating in peripheral nociceptors has changed. Now a more complex view takes into account the plasticity of the conduction pathways and describes a process that starts with a stimulus and leads to both a sensory and emotional response. This contemporary understanding of pain systems helps clinicians manage pain better. For example, the mechanisms underlying primary hyperalgesia suggest ways to provide optimum pain relief by using a multi-drug approach. Similary, the phenomenon of wind-up, whereby peripheral input may be simplifield as much as twenty times, has lead to the concept of preemptive analgesia and an understanding of the importance of timing analgesic dosing, and the search of novel agents that may block central sensibilisation. The choice of analgesics available to dentists to proscribe or recommend is vast but simple protocols based on best clinical evidence can provide straightforward guidance. Analgesic choice will depend largely on the pain intensity reported or anticipated but will also take into account the patients gneral health. Paracetamol, NSAIDs and codeine are useful for ambulatory dental patients. The dosage and timing of drug administration are important but so too is the information made available to the patient. For example, an understanding of how a patients preoperative anxiety may also exaggerate their postoperative pain emphasises the importance of preoperative menagement of anxiety by simple means as providing appropriate information.

Krekeler G. Improvement of the Implant-Bed With an Autogenous Bone-Graft. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):292.

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Solheim T. THE SCANDINAVIAN STAR Ferry Disaster 1990. Experience and Recommendation for Records in Dental Practice. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):292-3.

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Trummler A. Longterm Experience and Results in Prevention. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):293.

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Abdović M, Abdović E, Sulejmanagić H. Cardiac Patients - Cooperation Between the Dentist and the Cardiologist. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):294.

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Alajbeg I[, Cekić-Arambašin A, Alajbeg A, Ivanković S, Jurin M, Krnjević-Pezić G, Vržogić P, Dobrić I. Non-Aromatic Naphthalane: a Future Remedy For Oral Mucosal Lesions. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):295-6.

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Title in English:	Non-Aromatic Naphthalane: a Future Remedy For Oral Mucosal Lesions
Title in Croatian:	Nearomatski naftalan - budući lijek za oralne lezije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	MOUTH DISEASES + therapy
Abstract:	The purpose of this lecture is to summarize data obtained from several experiments conducted by authors, regarding the composition of special Croatian petrol fraction reffered to as “Non Aromatic- Very rich in Steranes” (NAVS) naphthalane, as well as its potent-inflammatory and cellular growth controlling effect. NAVS is derived from ordinary brown naphthalane, particulaly rich in steranes, that has been famous for decades in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris (Naftalan, Ivanić Grad, Croatia). NAVS was prepared by removing virtually all of its original polycyclic aromatic content (some of them are carcinogenic), which resulted in completely colourless transparent oil with a pleasant scent. Steranes were preserved and concentrated during the de-aromatisation process, as was proven by means of GC and GC-MS. These geogenic steranes have molecular skeletons analogous to bioactive compounds, such as corticosteroids and vitamin D. Due to these structure similarities, we can explain the beneficial affects in treating psoriatic patients with NAVS, which yielded promising results. NAVS treatment did not affect either haematological or biochemical findings. Further studies established In vitro dose dependant inhibition of planocellular carcinoma (SCC VII) cell proliferation, withhout interfering with nonmalignant fibroblast (L929) cells, thus showing selectivity in cell proliferation control. In vivo results showed marked delay in tumour growth. A rationale for that, besides cell proliferation control, authors see also in the antineoangiogenetic activity of NAVS (similar to vitamin D), wich is yet to bi proved through immunohistochemical studies. Future studies are planned and oral planocellular carsinoma animal models are being developed in order to introduce NAVS in the treatment of different conditions of oral mucosa, because the preparation is not only effective, but also highly applicable in oral tissues, due to its superior organoleptic properties.

Alajbeg I[, Hladki N, Cekić-Arambašin A, Alajbeg IŽ. Periotron as a Modern Sialometric Method in Xerostomia Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):296-7.

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Title in English:	Periotron as a Modern Sialometric Method in Xerostomia Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring
Title in Croatian:	Periotron: Suvremena sijalografijska metoda u dijagnostici i u nadzoru liječenja kserosromije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	XEROSTOMIA + diagnosis
Abstract:	The Periotron micro-moisture meter (Oraflow, Plainview, USA) is an electronic instrument that has been designed for gingival vrevicular fluid (GCF), periodontal pocket fluid (PPF), salivary flow and saliva thickness measurments, by using a variety of paper collection strips. Collection strips (Periopaper strips, PerioCol strips, Sialopaper strips) are applied to the oral tissues of interest for a certain period of time, after which the are inserted between Periotron electrodes. The special insulation coating on the electrodes enables them to work as two plates of a capacitor, being able to measure submicroliter quantities of oral fluids. Periotron displays the numerical output on LCD. By inputting data obtained during prior calibration process into Periotron professional software for Windows, we design a standard curve, from which we interpolate actual fluid volume. We have designed a single blind placebo controlled study to evaluate possible presence of long-term effect of pilocarpine-hydrocloride (PHC) on salivary flow rate in patients with xerostomia. 12 patients suffering from xerostomia underwent this trial. We used strict inclusion criteria regarding the possible side effects. Six patients were instructed to self-administer 5 mh of PHC (5 drops of solution, Pilokarpin 2%, pliva Zagreb, Croatia), three times a day, for 7 days. Another 6 patients (placebo group) were instructed to take 5 dexapanthenol drops (D panthenol, Ljekarne Zagreb, Zagreb, croatia), 3 times a day for 7 weeks. The flow rate of minor salivary glands was measured on the lower lip and palate by means of Periotron and whole saliva was collected in calibrated test tubes. mesurements were repeated once a week. Each patient filled in an extensive Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP) at te baseline and after completion of PHC treatment to monitor oral health influence on patients lives. After 7 weeks of treatment the placebo group was swiched to PHC, but there no apparent need for switching pilocarpine group to placebo, because we found no improvement in salivary flow rate after 7 weeks of treatment. in the group previously taking placebo, there was also no improvement in salivary flow rate after taking PHC. OHIP findings were calculated and showed no statistically significnt improvement after 7 weeks of PHC administration. One patient from the pilocarpine group and one from palcebo group ( while taking placebo) reported side effects and discontinuited the trial. oral administration of PHC does not seem to produce log-term salivary flow rate increase, but rther immediate and shortr lasting improvement. Judging by Periotron and whole saliva scores, our results showed that PHC is not able to “cure” xerostomia after prolonged administration, i.e. there is no residual effect in salivary gland simulation once the drug is discontinued and eliminated.

Arifhodžić F, Dedić A, Pašić E, Hadžić S, Gojkov M, Prcić Š. Dental Hypersensitivity as a Consequence of the Initial Course of Periodontal Treatment. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):297-8.

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Title in English:	Dental Hypersensitivity as a Consequence of the Initial Course of Periodontal Treatment
Title in Croatian:	Preosjetljivost zuba kao posljedica inicijalne parodontalne terapije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PERIODONTAL DISEASES + therapy HYPERSENSITIVITY
Abstract:	Dentin hypersensitivity is a common and painful condition, wich can occur on different kinds of provocation factors. Dental hypersensitivitiy is characterized by short sharp pain arising from exposed dentine in response to stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical and wich cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect or pathology (Addy M, 2002). Until today this pathological condition is still unclear but should be deffered from dental caries, chipped teeth, fractured restorations, marginal leakage around restoration, palatogingival fissures and grooves. The only similarity to the dentin hypersensitivity is teeth sensitivity, wich follows the professional initial course of periodontal therapy. The frequency of dentin hypersensitivity varies from 3 - 57% (Verzak Ž et al, 1998, Ress JS 2000), while sensitivity in periodontal diseases could reach a higher percentage: 72-98% (Chabanski MB et al 1996). 60 randomly selected patients from our Clinic were included in the study. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the grade of pathological periodontal condition. Dental hypersensitivity was investigated by tactile and by cold air/water provocation factors before and after initial periodontal treatment using ultrsound scaling. Pain was scored by 0 - 3 scoring system ( 0 - no pain, 1 - mild pain, 2 - moderate pain, 3 - severe pain). Teeth hypersensitivity was most pronounced if cold air was used as the provocative factor. Regardless of the sort of provocative factor the pain subsided gradually within one week. Ultrasound usage in periodontal treatment may cause teeth hypersensitivity. The hypersensitivity was provoked by mechanical od psysical provocative factors. The most painful sensation was related to cold air. The pain started early after treatment and lasted for a relatively short period of time.

Arifhodžić F, Malić M, Dedić A, Al Qattan S, Gojkov M. Clinical Characteristics of TMJD in a Kuwaiti Population. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):298-9.

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Arifhodžić F, Malić M, Gojkov M, Hadžić S, Pašić E. Assessment of the Patients Education and Motivation in the Maintance of Oral Hygiene. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):299-300.

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Title in English:	Assessment of the Patients Education and Motivation in the Maintance of Oral Hygiene
Title in Croatian:	Procjena edukacije i motivacije pacijenata u održavanju oralne higijene
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PATIENT EDUCATION ORAL HYGIENE
Abstract:	Good oral hygiene is conditio sine qua non in prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The acceptance of obtained information related to maintain good oral hygiene depends on several factors such as: age, educational level, personal skill, socioeconomic level etc. Previous studies revealed that almost 50 % of the general population use a toothbrush only to maintain their oral hygiene (Karihovski B et al., 2001). Malendijk B et al 1995, Koivulsit A et al., 2003, showed that people with a lower level of general education very rarely, or not at all, brush their teeth. A total of 117 randomly selected patients who attend the Clinics at our Faculty was enrolled in our study. All of them agreed to fulfill the questionaire designed by the investigators.The majority of our patients were highly educated (high school and university degree; 33.3 % and 43.6% respectively). A high percentage of the investigated patients were already educated in oral hygiene through their dentist and media (63.8%), dentist and non-preofessionals (54.6%) and dentist and dental nursing stuff in 47% of cases. A relatively high percentage (61.5%) of the investigated patients consider that there is no need for additional instructions related to oral hygiene. More than 50% of our cases only use toothbrush in their oral hygiene. The frequency of brushing the teeth was twice daily in the majority of the investigated patients, while replacements of an old toothbrush with a new one within a period of 3 months was in 79.5% of cases. One quater of the investigated patients who suffer from some kind of dental problem do not ask immediately for dental intervention.Our results have shown that the level of maintenanace of oral hygiene is rather high. Such results could be related to the high level of general education of the subjects enrolled in the study, and previously obtained education in oral hygiene.

Aurer A, Haban V, Ivić-Kardum M, Mravak-Stipetić M, Gall-Trošelj K, Aurer-Koželj J. Influence of Tabacco Use on Periodontal Health in PTSD Patients. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):300-1.

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Title in English:	Influence of Tabacco Use on Periodontal Health in PTSD Patients
Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj upotrebe duhana na parodontno zdravlje oboljelih od posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSP)
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	SMOKING + adverse effects PERIODONTAL DISEASES + etiology STRESS DISORDERS, POST TRAUMATIC
Abstract:	Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have identified tobacco smoking as a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. Positive correlation between lower socioeconimic status and periodontal disease severity has also been found. We wanted to study the influence of smoking on clinical periodontal status and the subgingival microbial profile in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and patients with progressive periodontal disease. The investigation included 130 subjects divided in to three groups. The first group comprised 50 persons diagnosed with PTSD, who has actively participated in the Croatian liberation war. The second group were 50 patients treated for advanced periodontitis, and the control group were 30 periodontally healthy subjects. Subjects from the latter two groups were not directly subjected to war-related stress. Clinical periodontal examination included recording of plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa),Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Eikenella corrodens (Ec) were identified using poymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Smoking and socioeconomic status, evaluated by the level od education, were also assessed. The group of subjects with PTSD, compared to the other groups, had most cigarette smokers. In the PTSD group, 78% were smokers, wile only 33% of control subjects smoked. In the PTSD group, 34% smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day, and 30% smoked more than 40 cigarettes per day. In this respect PTSD group differs greatly from the other group. The results show that, of all participiants, smokers had more periodontal inflammation and destruction than non-smokers, although only PI and SBI values were significantly higher. This relationship is similar for each of the studied groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between bacterial prevalence of Aa, Pg and Ec between smokers and nonsmokers. PTSD group had the lowest education level. Smoking habits and lower socioeconimic status are contributing factors influencing the periodontal status of PTSD patients.

Azinović I, Turner I, Krznarić M, Aunedi I. S.E.M. Analysis of the Interaction Between Green Or and the Dentine. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):301-2.

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Title in English:	S.E.M. Analysis of the Interaction Between Green Or and the Dentine
Title in Croatian:	S.E.M. raščlamba međudjelovanja Green OR-a i dentina
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING DENTIN
Abstract:	The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Green Or, a dentinal desensitizer, and restorative materials used in adhesive preparation, and its possible influence on the adhesiveness of those materials to the enamel and dentine. Green Or is used to reduce pain sensation in hypersensitive teeth by mehanical occlusion of the dentine tubules or the inhibition of neuronal repolarization. Mehanical occlusion is made by blocking the dentine tubules with a compact crystaline precipitate that covers the exposed dentine surface, while the neural depolarization is produce by released potassium ions.The investigation included 6 human third molars extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons. The teeth were divided into three groups of 2 teeth each according to the type of material used for filling: fluid and mycrohybrid composites, and silver amalgam. In every group we applied the desensitizer green or onto the walls of the dental cavities and with S.E.M. observation at high degree of magnification investigated how it affevts the conjunction of dentine and restorative materials. All speciments were observed with the Scansion Electron Microscope (S.E.M.) at the “Department of Quality Control” pliva in Zagreb.The results of S.E.M. observation at very high magnification in all three investigated groups show the close connection of the applied materials to the enamel an dentine. Microscoping the conjunction beetween the dentine and materials we used for filling in Groups A and B, showed that the use of Green Or does not alter the adhesiveness of the restorative adhesive-composite materials to the dental wall, nor does it modifies their sealing action on enamel and dentine. The desensitizer layer is indistinguishable with the adhesive-composite layers which enables strong adherence to the dentinal walls of cavities. The results obtained in group C specimens, in which silver amalgam was used as a filling material, show that Green Or did not interfere with the adhesion process of the alloy and the enamel and dentine.As found by many authors, the desensitizer Green Or, when used as a liner in the tooth filled with resins or alloys, did not decrease the adhesion of the restorative materials. The results obtained in the study show that Green Or is able to form a uniform layer that covers and occludes dentine tubules and enables good isolation of deep dentine from the restorative materials. This should constitute an efficacious sealing of dentinal tubules and provoke a decrease in dentinal sensitivity to intraoral nociceptive stimuli, almost in the acute phase. Observation of different dental sections with a Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M.) shows that desensitizer established an efficient and powerful interconnection with the different adhesive materials or silver amalgam utilized in the study.

Azinović A. Biological Based of Dentine Hybridization. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):303-4.

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Title in English:	Biological Based of Dentine Hybridization
Title in Croatian:	Biološki temelji hibridizacije dentina
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTIN DENTISTRY, OPERATIVE
Abstract:	The picture of the dentine structure is closely connected with the discovery and improvement of research techniques- light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results of light microscopy were limited. Rapid development of dentine structure investigation begins with the use of scanning electron microscopy. Detailed knowledge of the hard dental tissue structure was the basis for the development of the concept of modern adhesive restorative treatment. Adhesion to enamel was not the problem, either experimentall, or clinically. Adhesion to dentine has a great number of specific characteristics and varieties. Further factors are important regarding the adhesion to dentine:1. Biological bases of the substrate,2. Condition and response of the pulp/dentine complex to the adhesive restorative treatment,3. Material selection.Modern concept of adhesion to dentine is based on the hybrid layer as a bond between dentine and resin, hard dental tissues and restorative materials respectively. The hybrid layer in the dentine consists of a monomer-infiltrated demineralized dentine, smears layer remnants, polymerized resin, resin-infiltrated collagen fibrils and hydroxyl- apatite crystals.Distribution and interrelationships between structural elements of dentine have great influence on the form and quality of the hybrid layer. Heterogenous structure if dentine determines further specific properties of the dentine: permeability, humidity, physical properties (hardness, strength, elasticity). This dentine structure and dentine physiology variety determines adhesion to dentine as a complex interaction between biologic material (dentine) and adhesion system.Most teeth that require adhesive restorative treatment are carious or have had a previous caries lesion. A number of tissue changes in the dentin and pulp take place as a result of caries (formation of tertiary dentine, sclerosis of the dentinal tubules, cellular changes in the pulp). Apart from caries-effected dentine, sclerosis takes place in the exposed, abraded, cervical dentine. Both types of dentine sclerosis prevent resin tag formation. Bond strength values are reduced in comparison to bond strenght on the normal, physiologic dentine surface. Adhesive system selection is a very important factor for hybridization and bond durability. Each adhesive system contents further components: acid, primer and adhesive resin. Multi-bottled adhesive system were used until 1994. These system required application in multiple steps.After chemical treatment, hybridized dentin is formed in the subsurface. There is greatest change in the volume ratio between minerals, water and resin. The rate of collagen fibrils reamins the same. New chemical and physical properties of dentin and resin are developed due to the formation of the hybrid layer.

Azinović Z, Azinović I, Krznarić O, Brajdić D. Number of the Dentinal Tubules as a Function of Cavity Dept. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):304-5.

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Badel T, Jerolimov V, Pandurić J, Perenčević K. Individual Mouthguard in Prevention of Sports Trauma. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):305.

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Badel T, Pandurić J, Kraljević-Šimunković S, Marotti M, Kocijan Lovko S, Šutalo J. Temporomandibular Disorders in a Patient With Anxiety. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):306-7.

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Title in English:	Temporomandibular Disorders in a Patient With Anxiety
Title in Croatian:	Temporomandibularna disfunkcija u pacijentice s anksioznošću
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS + therapy ANXIETY
Abstract:	A patient (28 yrs. old) during the last year has noticed wear facets on the teeth and also symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) - pain, limitation of mandibular movements, and also clicking in the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The pain was evaluated with analog-visual scale (0 - 10) = 7. Case history revealed the presence of mental trauma four years ago, which had caused the increase of anxiety and occurrence of panic attacks. By means of manual functional analysis myofacial pain and anterior disc displacement without reduction in the right TMJ was determined and confirmed with electronic axiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a consequence of excessive teeth wear the interfering contacts in laterotrusive movements of mandibule were established. Anxiety was confirmed with psychological measuring instrument State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. For the initial treatment the fabrication of Michigan splint was indicated. After 2 months improvement in clinical condition was achieved. Stronger pain was only during larger mouth opening. In the right TMJ crepitation was found. In the last few months she took irregularly prescribed anxiolytic drugs. She still feels anxious, tense and insecure. After 9 months the anterior disc dislocation without reduction and with present signs of subchondral degeneration and condylar aplation in the right TMJ was established with controlling MRI. Orthopedic stability of TMJs was established with definitive occlusal treatment (restoration of wear teeth tissues with composite fillings). Because of accompanying osteoarthritis and better stabilisation of TMJs as well as teeth protection from bruxism a stabilisation splint was fabricated. Bruxism is a pathophysiological disorder of unclear aetiology. The most noticeable sign of bruxism is excessive teeth wear which can cause pathological occlusal relationships. The mechanism of aetiopathogenesis of TMD is insufficiently explained and occlusion is considered to be a secondary aetiological factor. Anxiety can be a pathophysiological factor of bruxism and can lead to persistence of chronic temporomandibular pain.

Badel T, Restek-Despotušić S, Keros J, Azinović Z, Dulčić N. Oral Health of Croatian Army Recruits. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):307-8.

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Title in English:	Oral Health of Croatian Army Recruits
Title in Croatian:	Oralno zdravlje novaka Hrvatske vojske
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ORAL HEALTH MILITARY PERSONNEL
Abstract:	DMFT index and FST index were used to determine the oral health and oral health care habits of Croatian Army recruits. In 2001 505 19- year-old recruits in the barracks in Koprivnica were clinically examined and asked about their health care habits. Oral status of all teeth (except wisdom teeth) was described by DMFT index (decayed, filled, and missing teeth) and compared withFST index (filled and sound teeth). The number of tooth brushing per day and the reason and number of visits to the dentist each year were determined. The dependence of results in the specific urban and rural community was tested. The level of teeth sanation of the recruits was calculated by the formula FT x 100/DFT. The study showed average DMFT index 7.32 (DT: 3.15, MT: 1.29 and FT: 2.88). The average value of FST index was 23.56 and teeth sanation 47.8 %. Statistically significant difference according to domicile in DT, MT, FT and FST index was determined. Subjects from the rural environment had more teeth affected by caries, and those from urban environment had better teeth sanation (66 %). Subjects who brushed their teeth three or more times per day and who regularly visited the dentist had significantlly higher values of FT and FST index. Health condition of subjects from urban environment, was better (higher values of FT index and slower cumulative distribution and statistical significance of FST index). There was no statistically significant difference in values of DMFT index in relation to subjects from rural environment. High values of DMFT index were determined in Croatian Army recruits. FST index is more adequate than DMFT index for application in a population with a higher level of dental caries. The conducted research contributes to determination of the dental health of Croatian Army recruits as well as to the organisation of optimal preventive programs.

Barac-Furtinger V, Juhović-Markus V, Zdilar-Černy N. Caries Prevention in First Grade Schoolchildren in Zagreb. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):308.

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Title in English:	Caries Prevention in First Grade Schoolchildren in Zagreb
Title in Croatian:	Prevencija karijesa u prvim razredima osnovnih škola grada Zagreba
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL CARIES + prevention & control CHILD
Abstract:	Contemporary studies have shown that oral health education is more effective when it is prevention-oriented rather than disease oriented. The implemented program aimed at including all first grade aged children and making them familiar with the basies of oral health protection through the educational program. The program included 7.000 first grade aged children in primary schools in Zagreb. During the compulsory check-up required for enrolment in school, their dentist established the oral health status on a unified printed form. In the first school days, a nurse, previously additionally educated in oral health prevention, gave an oral health education lecture, and immediately after the lecture the children participated in a children`s workshop by colouring the colouring books. Parent’s involvement was achieved through colouring books and a special bulletin prepared and sent to them. Two months later, the lecture and the workshop with a slightly extended program were repeated. A new bulletin was prepared for the parents. The check-up of children for establishing their eligibility for enrolment in the first grade showed that only 26.5% of the children had caries-free primary teeth and 76.2% of the children had caries-free secondary teeth.The results obtained at such oral health check-ups speak for the need to implement oral healt education, and in this way the oral health educational messages reach not only the children but also their teachers, nurses and parents. A rather bad oral health situation, established at compulsory check-ups for enrolment in school, and the interest raised with those involved in the program indicate the need to continue its implementation.

Baučić M, Baučić I, Čelebić A, Stipetić J, Prohić E, Miko S. Biocorrosion Behavior of High Noble Au-Pt Dental Alloy in Different Solutions and pH Values. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):309.

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Biočina-Lukenda D, Cekić-Arambašin A, Škerk V. Oral Lichen Ruber (OLR) and HCV-Infection. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):310.

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Biočina-Lukenda D, Pirkić A, Cekić-Arambašin A. Expression of PCNA and Ki-67 Antigens in Ooral Lichen Ruber. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):310-1.

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Blažić-Potočki Z. The Pain Experience by Stomatologists at Different Postur of Work. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):311-2.

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Title in English:	The Pain Experience by Stomatologists at Different Postur of Work
Title in Croatian:	Bolovi u stomatologa pri različitim položajima pri radu
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TOOTHACHE + therapy PAIN
Abstract:	Stomatologists often experience diseases caused by the very nature of their profession, which is both physically and mentally demanding for practicioners. Bad habits and static pressure on the body at adverse postures at work will cause severe fatigue and damage the locomotor and cardiovascular systems of stomatologists. Somatic and mental difficulties and pain caused by body postures at work.The purpose of this investigation was to determine what kind of pain experienced by stomatologists, regarding their posture at work.The investigation was carred out with a survey containing targeted questions about the different postures at work of stomatologists and different kinds of pain incurred. 252 stomatologists were interviewed. They were divided into three groups with 84 interviewees each, according to their posture at work-”standing”, “sitting”, “sitting and standing-combined”. Each group was questioned for pain in the neck and shoulders, pain in the lumbar region of the spine and pain in the feet. Data were statistically processed with ?2 test.Statistically significant differnece was found regarding pain in the feet between group with a standing posture at work and the group with a sitting posture at work (p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference regarding pain in the feet was found between a group of stomatologistswho stand and those who combine the standing and sitting postures at work (p < 0.01). Pains in the neck and shoulders and pain in the lumbalregion of the spine in all three groups of stomatologists with different postures at work do not show statistically significant differences.Pain experienced by stomatologists at work occur due to adverse physical posture at work, regarless of the kind of posture-standing, sitting or combined. Pain frequency in the neck, shoulders and in the lumbal region is the same in all three postures-standing, sitting or combined. However, pain in the feet are more frequent in stomatologists who stand at work than in stomatologists who sit or both stand and sit at work. It is necessary to implement the principles of ergonomy in order to prevent proffesional diseases and pain in stomatologists, although nearly avoiding working in the standing posture could prevent pain in the feet.

Brkić H, Filipović-Zore I. The Treatment Options of Dens Invaginatus: Report of 2 Cases. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):312-3.

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Title in English:	The Treatment Options of Dens Invaginatus: Report of 2 Cases
Title in Croatian:	Izbor terapije kod invaginacije zuba - prikaz dvaju slučaja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TOOTH ABNORMALITIES
Abstract:	Dens invaginatus is a developmental variation thought to arise as a result of invainatio in the surface of the tooth crown before calcification has occurred. The authors described two cases of dens invaginatus accompanied by different periapical complications in children, as wel as the therapy methods used. The two children were between the ages of 12 and 16 years. The type of dens invaginatus was classified according to Schulze and Brand.Both cases had dens invaginatus on their permanent teeth in the maxilla. The complications occurred while the teeth were growing, and they were accompanied by swelling in the region of the dens invaginatus. In Case 1, pulp extripation was accompanied by profuse pulp chamber bleeding. Intraradicular instrumentation was adapted to conform with the existent morphological deviation of the endodontic space. The root canal was temporally filled with calcium hydroxide for a period of 10 days. The pain disappeared on the first day and the swelling gradually reduced. On the tenth day, the temporary root filling was replaced, and the root canals were dilled using the lateral condensation with standardized gutta percha points and paste. In Case 2, the clinical examination found fluctuation in the vestibular region. An intraoral incision with drainage was performed and antibiotic treatment continued. When the odontogenic infection has been controlled, the dens invaginatus tooth was surgically extracted.Pathohistological finding of the periradicular cyst confirmed the diagnosis of a follicular cyst. Given the significant size of the post-surgical bone defect, it required corresponding treatment with Bio-Oss spongiosa block and membrane for GBR.The periapical complications required early diagnostic and endodontic treatment to prevent further difficulties at a later stage.

Brzović V, Majstorović M, Katanec D. Diagnosis of Occlusal Carious Lesions Using KaVo DIAGNOdent 2095. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):313-4.

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Bubalo V, Baučić I. Oral Rehabilitation of Neglected Cleft Palte: a Clinical Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):314-5.

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Bubalo V, Baučić I, Aljinović-Ratković N. Oral Rehabilitation of Trauma - a Clinical Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):315.

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Title in English:	Oral Rehabilitation of Trauma - a Clinical Report
Title in Croatian:	Oralna rehabilitacija traume - prikaz slučaja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	FACIAL INJURIES
Abstract:	Head and neck injuries caused by accidents associated with rural life are not frequent (4% according to Zachariades on a survey of more than 6000 patients). One of the most frequent among those accidents are agricultural vehicle accidents, especially open vehicles. These vehicles do not develop high speed and helmets are seldom required. Therefore in cases of falling out of a vehicle or turning of the vehicle very extensive facial injury occurs which is quite different from other road traffic accident injuries.A report of the treatment and outcome of a case tretaed at the Clinic for Maxillofacial surgery and Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Dubrava is presented.A 32 year-old man survived accident in with the tractor oveerturned During the accident the right side of his midface was smashed. Clinical examination and x-rays revealed a defect of the right cheek including the complete zygomatic bone with the floor of the orbit and lateral upper part of the maxilla including molar teeth with adjacent bone and soft tissue. The skin of the cheek was missing and buccal lining was severely reduced. After initial examination and stabilization, immediate surgery was performed. The patient was satisfied with the appearance, after several major reconstructive procedures (three distant flaps and two local flaps) and oral rehabilitation started.The nature of the injury and the position of the left teeth started the procedure of the oral rehabilitation.The choice was a metal alloy upper partial denture with telescopic crown, and fixed frontal down bridge with attachment and lower partial denture from metal alloy.

Buković D, Carek V, Carek A. Examination Vibrations in Dental Procedures. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):316.

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Title in English:	Examination Vibrations in Dental Procedures
Title in Croatian:	Ispitivanje vibracija pri stomatološkim zahvatima
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	VIBRATION + adverse effects DENTISTRY
Abstract:	Certain health problems may appear both in dentists and dental technicians due to long periods of exposure to vibrations. The aim of the study was to measure and compare some factors related to vibrations which affect the health of dentists and dental techicians, particularly those produced by mocromotors with drills of different shapes, made of different materials rotating at different speeds.Vibrations were measured by an accelerometre which was placed an the technical micromotor and on various body parts of subjects. The device consists of a piezosensor, an amplifier, a filter and mobile recording device. The obtained signals were analysed by the SpectraLAB computer programme and consequently compared with presently valid international standards. Statistical data analysis was carried out by PC software, STATISTICA for Windows, Release 5.5 H and SPSS for Windows, Release 7.5.The main factor that effects vibration is the rotation number used in the course of prosthetic replacement processing.The obtained results point to the fact that the vibration acceleration values are within accepted standards, although the vibration values at 40000 rotations per minute approach the maximum limit of these standards. The spactral analysis of vibration revealed that the rotation number determined the frequencies of the maximum values. Since there is strong evidence to support vibration related illnes in dentists and dental technicians, it is recommended that individuals who use such devices be warned about the possible harmful effects. The obtained results may be used in prevention of such illness. They are also recommended to use rotation speeds which produce the least vibrations.

Cekić-Arambašin A, Biočina-Lukenda D, Vraneš J. Bacterial Adherence and its Importance in Pathogenesis of Oral Lichen Ruber. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):317.

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Čelebić A, Stipetić J, Šimac-Bonačić T, Kutija P, Ptaček D. Influence of Head Position on the Interocclusal Freeway Space Measurement During Pronunciation of "s" and "mi" and During Rest. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):317-8.

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Ćelić R, Jerolimov V, Knezović-Zlatarić D, Dulčić N, Pandurić J. Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders Subtypes in Croatian Patients. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):318-9.

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Title in English:	Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders Subtypes in Croatian Patients
Title in Croatian:	Pojavnost podtipova temporomandibularnih poremećaja u hrvatskih pacijenata
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS + epidemiology
Abstract:	The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Discorders (RDC/TMD) guidelines, originally developed in the United States, were translated and used to classify TMD patients on physical diagnosis (Axis I) and pain-related disability an psychological status (Axis II) in Croatiana TMD patients. The RDC/TMD Axis I and II findings were compared to those of Swedish , American and Asian TMD patients.One hundred and fifty-gour consecutive patients (117 female and 37 male) referred to the Department of Prosthodontics and Department of Oral Surgery in Zagreb, Croatia, were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the Croatian population was 39 ± 14,5 years. Frequency distributions and descriptive statistics were obtained through the use of SPSS version 10 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL), and chi-square (2-sided) statistical analyses were performed (P < 0,05) to evaluate gender differences.Group I (muscle) disorder was found in 64,9% of the patients; Group II (disc displacement) disorder was found in 31,8% and 27,3% of the patients in the right and left joints, respectively; Group III (arthralgia, arthritis, arthrosis) disorder was found in 21,4% and 26% of the patients in teh right and left joints, respectively. Axis II assessment of psychological status showed that 19,5% of patients yielded severe depression scores and 27,3% yielded high nonspecific physical symptom scores (somatization). Psychosocial dysfunction was observed in 21,4% of patients based on graded chronic pain scores.Axis I and II findings of Croatian TMD patients were generally similar to their Swedich, American and Asian cohorts. In all 4 populations, women of child-bearing age represented the majority of patients. Muscle disorders were the most prevalent type of TMD. A substantial portion of TMD patients were depressed and experienced severe somatization. These rezults suggest that the RDC/RMD guidelines are valuable in helping to classify TMD patients and allowing multicenter and cross-cultural comparison of clinical findings.

Delladio S. Orthodontic treatment of crowding in adult patients (non-extraction case). Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):319-20.

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Delladio S. Orthodontic treatment of crowding in adult patients (extraction case). Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):320.

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Donfrid M. Socio-Economic Influence on Caries and Oral Hygiene in Baranja. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):320-1.

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Donfrid M. Index of Social-Economic Status According to Hollingschead for Children Aged 5 to 7 Years. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):321-2.

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Title in English:	Index of Social-Economic Status According to Hollingschead for Children Aged 5 to 7 Years
Title in Croatian:	Indeks društvenoga statusa po Hollingscheadu za djecu radnika, službenika i poljoprivrednika u dobi od 5 do 7 godina
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	SOCIAL CLASS ORAL HEALTH
Abstract:	The aim of this study was to determine measurable value of variability between different examination groups by use of multifactor analysis.The material consisted of 150 children of both sexes, aged 5 to 7 years. All subjects were divided into three groups by their social economic background; 79 children in a group from worker families, 49 children from administrative worker families and 22 children whose parents are farmers. All subjects were examined using recom mendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the results obtained were statistically processed.In the group of children from workers families we found 428 teeth with caries,106 teeth with fillings and 30 extracted. Total KEP was 566 and KIP was 6.99. In the group of children from administrative workers families the number of caries teeth was 201, filled 107 and 23 teeth extracted. Total KEP was 331 and KIP 6.75. In the group of children with an agricultural background caries was found in59 teeth, 27 teeth were with fillings and 20 teeth extracted. Total KEP was 106 and KIP was 4.91. ?2 test found was 46.7675 with 5% accurency and 4 degree of error. The Student’s T-test for children of workers and administrative workers was 1.845, for children of workers and farmers 1.980 and for children of administrative workers ind farmers -1.028. The total number of examined teeth was 3577, general caries frequency (KIO) was 95.15%, relative caries frequency (KIZ) was 25.88 and average KIP was 6.21. In this age group of children, considering ?2 of 46.7675 and based on 5% of significance with tabular of 5.99 we found statistically significant defference for children of farmers. Considering the Student’s T-test of -1.028 and based on 70 degrees of liberty, three is statistically significant difference between the social-economic index for children of administrative workers and farmers.

Dulčić N, Pandurić J, Kraljević S, Badel T, Ćelić R. Fabrication of Complete Dentures in a Patients With Mandibular Resection - a Case Rreport. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):322.

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Filipović-Zore I, Knezović-Zlatarić D, Ivasović Z, Šiljeg J. Clinical and Radiographic Investigation of Bone Defects Following the Application of ß Tricalcium Phosphate - Report of Two Cases. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):323.

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Gašparović S, Milić M, Čabov T. Anaesthesia in Oral Surgery. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):324.

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Girotto M, Cindrić G, Jindra LJ, Ribarić-Pezelj S, Glažar I, Maričić D. Occlusal Interferences in Localised and Generalized Periodontitis. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):324-5.

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Title in English:	Occlusal Interferences in Localised and Generalized Periodontitis
Title in Croatian:	Okluzijske zapreke u lokalnom i generaliziranom parodontitisu
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PERIODONTAL DISEASES + therapy DENTAL OCCLUSION
Abstract:	The significance of occlusal interference in the development and therapy of periodontal disease is very controversial. There are still very vivid discussions going on between experts whether or not interferences cause occlusal trauma, and wath is its role in periodontal disease.The aim of the study was to investigate whether there i statistically significant difference in the manifestation of occlusal interferences (working side and balancing side) among a group of patients sufferig from localised periodontitis and a group of patients with generalized periodontitis.Examinees were patients with periodontal disease, classified according to Extent and Severity Index (ESI) into a group with localised periodontitis and a group with generalized peiodontitis.Movements on the laterotrusion side/contacts in the intercanine segment in protrusion were marked with blue articulation paper 12µ thick, while contacts on the mediotrusion side/contacts in lateral segments during protrusion were marked with red articulation paper (12µ thick).Of al patients, there were 45.12% with working side interferences, and 48.78% with balancing side interferences in both examined groups. 33.33% of the examinees in the group with localised periodontitis had working side interferences, and 50.81% of the examinees in the group with generalized periodontitis. Balancing side interferences were found in 52.38% of patients in the group with localised periodontitis, and 47.54% of patients in the group with generalized periodontitis.Chi-square test showed that there was statistically significant difference between manifestation of occlusal interferences in the group of patients with localised periodontitis compared to manifestation of articulation interferences in the group of patients with generalized periodontitis (chi-square = 3.561; p = 0.313). Although there was no statistically significant difference, there was a tendency to difference in frequencies (p = 0.054), and it is shown that in the group of patients with generalized periodontitis there were more cases with no balancing side interferences on any side (52.45%), compared to the group of patients with localised periodontitis (47.61%). Results showed that there was no difference in manfestation of occlusal interferences in localised peiodontitis compared to generalized periodontitis.

Girotto M, Kovač Z, Valentić-Peruzović M, Uhac I. Relationship Between Attrition Faces and Signs of TMD. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):325-6.

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Title in English:	Relationship Between Attrition Faces and Signs of TMD
Title in Croatian:	Brusne fasete i znakovi temporomandibularne disfunkcije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS + therapy TOOTH ATTRITION + therapy
Abstract:	Attrition faces are usually seen on the occlusal or incisal surfaces of teeth worn by attrition. They are considered to be a sign of functional and parafunctional activities, and can differ by wideness and position on the teeth. Bruxizm, as a parafunctional activity, is considered to be a risk factor for dysfunction of the masticatory system.The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between attritional faces, as a sign of bruxizm, and signs of temporomandibular dysfunction. By clinical examination, a group of 100 subjects was selected for trial, based on findings of attritional faces. The severity of attrition faces was quantified on a fivepoint scale ( modified assessment for determination of incisal tooth wear according to Pullinger and Seligman: 0 = no visible tooth wear; 1 = minimal wear of cusps or incisal tips (enamel); 2 = faces parallel to normal planes of contour (enamel); 3 = noticeable flattening of cusp or incisal edges (enamel); 4 = total loss of contour and dental exposure when identifiable (dentin exposure up to half of former crown of tooth): 5 = total loss of contour and dental exposure over half of former crown of tooth). Selected subjects were then examined by standard procedure to investigate the presence of TMD signs. Results showed that there was no statistical significance between signs of TMD and presence of attrition faces, and neither between signs of TMD and severity of attrition faces. Results of this study are compatible with other recent investigations, which show that attrition faces are not a reliable sign for assessing the functional status of the masticatory system.According to this investigation there is no association between attrition faces and signs of temporomandibular dysfunction.

Glavina D, Courson E, Škrinjarić I, Degrange M. Mikroleakage of Sealants Placed After Enamel Treatment With Self Etching Adhesive. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):326-7.

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Title in English:	Mikroleakage of Sealants Placed After Enamel Treatment With Self Etching Adhesive
Title in Croatian:	Rubno propuštanje pečata u fisurama nakon tretmana cakline samojetkajućim adhezivnim sustavom
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL LEAKAGE PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS ACID ETCHING, DENTAL
Abstract:	Self-etching adhesives with enamel treatment at the same time as adhesive infiltration offers simplification of the classic technique of placing sealants. Main advantages in clinical work are: non need for applying acid, and no rinsing. Aim of the study was to evaluate both the penetration an sealing ability of a sealant applied after enamel treatment with a self-etching adhesive. The study was performed on forty-five teeth divided into three groups of fifteen teeth sealed with Concise White Sealant (3M Dental Products) after enamel surface was treated as fallows: Group 1: occlusal surface etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s, rinsed for 15 s and air-dried for 15 s. After drying the sealant was applied and polymerized for 20 s. Group 2: The occlusal surface treated with self-etching adhesive Prompt-L-Pop (Espe Dental AG) for 20 s and lightened for 10 s (Optilux, Demetron Research Company). The sealant was then applied and lightened for 20 s. Group 3: The occlusal surface was treated with the selfetching adhesive Promt-L-Pop for 20 s and directly folloved by sealant application, the two materials were then simultaneously lightened 20 s. All teeth were thermocycled between 5 and 55°C for 1800 cycles with dwelling time of 10 s. AgNO3 dye solution was used for microleakage testing. After dyeing the teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, sectioned (3-5 sections per sample) and photographed under a stereo-microscope (10 X). Microleakage scores were recorded using the method of Övrebö and Raadal. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The sealant penetration rate was between 87.8 - 92.1% whatever the batch with no statistical significant difference between groups. Significant statistical difference was established between the classic H3PO4 pre-etch technique and the self-etching conditioning (p = 0.003). No significant difference was found between self-etching batcheswith or without polymerisation (p = 0.1234). Obtaineddata lead to the conclusion that the “all in one” self-etchingadhesive Prompt-L-Pop is not as efficient as the classicH3PO4 etching + sealant in achieving a good enamelmarginal sealing.

Gržić R, Kovač Z, Delić Z, Uhač I, Kovačević D, Blečić D, Šimunović-Šoškić M. Prevalence of Self-Reported Symptoms of TMD in a Population of Rijeka, Croatia. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):328.

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Haban V, Aurer A, Ivić-Kardum M, Mravak-Stipetić M, Gall-Trošelj K, Aurer-Koželj J. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Patients and Periodontal Health. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):328-9.

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Title in English:	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Patients and Periodontal Health
Title in Croatian:	Pacijenti s posttraumatskim stres poremećajem i parodontno zdravlje
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	STRESS DISORDERS, POST TRAUMATIC ORAL HEALTH PERIODONTAL DISEASES + etiology
Abstract:	Progression of periodontitis depends on simultaneous occurrence of several factors of the disease. Besides subgingival plaque microorganisms, stress, through modifying host response, has been shown to contribute to tissue destruction seen in periodontal disease. War stress can cause permanent effects, including post-traumatic stress dosorder (PTSD). We wanted to study the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, association of these microorganisms with the clinical parameters of periodontitis and the influence of war stress on periodontal health in patients with PTSD. The investigation was conducted on 130 subjects: 50 war veterans diagnosed and treated for PTSD, 50 subjects with progressive periodontitis (PP) and 30 periodontally healthy subjects. The progressive periodontitis group included subjects with chronic (CP) and agressive peiodontitis (AP). Only the war veterans group has been exposed directly to war stress. Detailed periodontal examination and subgingival microbial ampling were conducted for each participant. Clinical examination included assessment of plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for microbial identification of the following bacteria: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Eikenella corrodens (Ec). The prevalence in all groups for Ec was 81%, for Aa 36% and for Pg 19%. Prevalence for Ec was 74% in PTSD group, 80% in PP group and 93% in periodontally healthy subjects. Prevalence for Aa was 30% in PTSD group, 46% in PP group and 30% in periodontally healthy subjects. Prevalence of Pg was 16% in PTSD group, 16% in PP group and 26% in the control gorup. Considering the periodontal diagnosis, the prevalence of bacteria was : for Ec 74% in CP and 83% in AP patients; for Aa 37% in CP and 39% in AP patients; for Pg 16% in CP and 18% in AP patients. Subjects harbouring Ec had lower PI, SBI and CAL values. PTSD patients had the highest PI and SBI values, and concerning PD an CAL were similar to PP patients. The similar prevalence of periodontal pathogens in PTSD and PP subjects indicates PTSD subjects as a risk group for periodontal disease initiation or progression.

Hladki A, Alajbeg I[, Cekić-Arambašin A, Alajbeg IŽ. Pilocarpine-Hydrocloride Has a Short-Time Effect on Reducing Xerostomia. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):329-31.

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Title in English:	Pilocarpine-Hydrocloride Has a Short-Time Effect on Reducing Xerostomia
Title in Croatian:	Pilokarpin-hidroklorid ima kratkotrajan učinak u liječenju kserostomije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	XEROSTOMIA + therapy PILOCARPINE + therapeutic use
Abstract:	Xerostomia, i.e. oral dryness, is mainly caused by side effects of medications, immunologic diseases, e.g. Sy. Sjoegren, and radiation treatment for oral and neck cancer. There are variable, although far from satisfactory, treatment options, including that of muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine-hydrochloride. Pilocarpine treatment of salivary hypofunction is not yet an established method in croatia.The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the autcome of oral administration of pilocarpin on minor salivary glands and whole saliva production, as well as to monitor possible side effects and patients subjective responses to treatment.Is was a single blind-placebo controlled trial. Ten patients suffering from xerostomia underwent this trial. Patients with cardiac or pulmonary diseases were excludet, as well as those that did not show any increase in salivary flow rate after administration of ascorbic acid solution (chemical stimulant) at inclusion testing one week prior to the experiment. The experiment comprised 7 repeated measurements in time intervals of 15-30 min., from the baseline up to 2 h after single oral administration of 5 mg of pilocarpine hydrochloride ( 5 drops of slution, Pilokarpin 2%, pliva, Croatia). The flow rate of minor salivary glands was measured on the lower lip and palate by means of Periotron (Oraflow Inc., Plainview, USA) and whole saliva was collected in calibrated test tubes . A simple questionnaire was filled in to record patients subjective perception of treatment. The same procedure was repeated one week later, when dexpanthenol drops (DPanthenol, Ljekarne Zagreb, Croatia) were used as placebo instead of pilocarpine.Pilocarpine increased salivary output and gave symptomatic relief in every patient. The differences in salivary output were significant both compared to baseline and to placebo controls (p = 0,01). There were no side effects during the trial, either after administration of pilocarpine; or placebo. After increasing salivary flow rate the action of pilocarpine decrease in time, which was recordable during the observation session.Respecting possible contraindications and side effects, according to our finding pilocarpine should be regulary used in treatment of xerostomia.

Horvat J, Kovačević M, Bešlić S, Kuiš D, Šnjarić D. Patterns of Osteoid Deposition in Periapical Lesion Healing Using Vital Dye. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):331-2.

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Title in English:	Patterns of Osteoid Deposition in Periapical Lesion Healing Using Vital Dye
Title in Croatian:	Odlaganje osteoida prilikom cijeljenja periapeksne lezije prikazano vitalnom bojom
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PERIAPICAL DISEASES + therapy
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to describe qualitively and quantitively osteoid deposition in periapecal lesion healing on dogs’ teeth after endodontic therapy based on two different approaches.Periapical lesions were experimentally induced in six mongrel dogs by exposing the pulps to the oral enviornment for 35 days. Animals were randomly divided into two groups. Seventeen root canals were instrumented to the apical delta with crown-down technique using ProFile® Ni-Ti rotary instruments and filled with Thermafill® guttapercha and Topseal® cement (group 1). In group 2, 20 root canals were instrumented using controlled overinstrumentation technique to the point determined using eletronic apex locator EED 11 (Struja, Zagreb, Croatia). Teeth were obturated with Thermafill® at the length 2 mm shorter than the working length, and access cavities sealed with amalgam The length of obturation was confirmed radiographically in both groups. On the same day, one animal in each group was injected intraperitoneally with vital dye Procion Brilliant Red H8-BS (ICI Organics, Providence, R.I., USA). Animals were sacrified 35 days after the end of endodontic tretment. Undemineralized and unstained sections 5-7 µm thick were first viewed under UV light for fluorescence. The histomorphometric indices (osteoid surface and thickness) were measured by light microscope using computer program ISSA (Vams, Zagreb, Croatia) on Toluidine Blue stained sections and compared with qualitative analysis of vital dye staining.Results Under UV light vital dye showed predominantly fluorescent lines marking the border of newly formed bone. Those lines were more numerous. Brighter and further away from resorbed bone surface in group 2. Fine fluorescent trabeculae and double rings around Haversian canals were seen in group 2 only. Osteoid thickness was significantly greater in group 2 (group 1: 15.62 µm ± 7.41; group 2: 16.26 µm ± 6.46; p < 0.001) as well as oteoid surface (group 1:10.34 % ± 11.60; group 2: 33.21 % ± 21.43; p < 0.001). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Conclusion Numerous areas of fluorescence and greater osteoid thickness and osteiod surface show greater bone matrix preduction in group 2.

Hunski M, Ivičević-Desnica J, Škarić I, Horga D. Relationship Between Orthodontic and Articulatory Impairments in Adolesecents. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):332-3.

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Title in English:	Relationship Between Orthodontic and Articulatory Impairments in Adolesecents
Title in Croatian:	Odnos između ortodontskih i izgovornih poremećaja u adolescenata
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ARTICULATION DISORDERS
Abstract:	Various investigations have shows that the number of articulatory impairments is greater in a population with orthodontic anomalies than in eugnathic subjects. The relationship between anatomic structures in the orofacial region and articulatory compensatory mechanisms in persons with orthodontic anomalies is interesing from the theoretical and practical point of view. In the present investigation on a sample of 282 high school adolescents (203 - 72% male and 79 - 28% female) aged from 15 to 18 years the relationship between orthodontic and articulatory impairments was investigated. Assessment of the orthodontic and articulatory status, judged two specialists in the fields, showed the following percentages of orthodontic anomalies : primary compression -43,6%, open bite - 11,0%, closed bite -8,5%, progenia complex -5,7%, cross bite 3,5%, diastema media - 0,0%, short frenulum linguae - 41,5%, gothic palate -25,2% and tthe following percentages of ariculatory impairments: sigmatism - 64,9%, rhotacism - 36,5% and lambdacism - 39,9%. 78% of the subjects had orthodontic anomalies and 72% had articulatory impairments while 52% had combined orthodontic and articulatory impairments and only 9% were eugnathic subjects with normal articulatory status. It was also show that all three categories of articulatory impairments are mostly combined with primary compression (approximately 30%) accompanied by short frenulum linguae (approximately 30%) and gothic palate (approximately 15 to 20%). It is also obvious that there are 19% of subjetcts with orthodontic anomalies who have normal articulatory status, meaning that they developed efficient compensatory mechanisms in articulation and also that there are 13% of eugnathic subjects who have articulatory imapirments, consequently, caused by some other reasons and not by the orthodontic status. Although there is a strong connection between orthodontica and articulatory characteristics it can be concluded that the relationship between them is not straight forward and that other psycholinguistic, developmental, neurogenic and other parameters should be taken into consideration in further explication of that relationship.

Ibrahimagić-Šeper L, Čelebić A, Selimović E. The Length Between Incisive Papilla and Foveola Palatina for Determination of the Length of the Central Upper Artificial Incisors. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):333-4.

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Title in English:	The Length Between Incisive Papilla and Foveola Palatina for Determination of the Length of the Central Upper Artificial Incisors
Title in Croatian:	Udaljenost između papile incizive i foveola palatina za određivanje dužine gornjih centralnih inciziva
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TOOTH, ARTIFICIAL ANTHROPOMETRY
Abstract:	This study was intended to check the opportunity of applying the rule according to which the length of the upper artificial central incisors can be determined by dividing the distance from the center of the incisive papillae to foveola palatina by factor 4, in our population. Measurements were made on 115 stone casts of dentulous and 105 casts of edentulous individuals with satisfactory trial dentures. No significant differences were found, either for the tooth length or for the distance between the incisive papilla and foveola pallatina between the dentulous and edentulous group (p > 0.05). Although both differences were not significant, t value was higher for the length of the upper central incisor (t = 1.1) than for the distance from the incisal papilla to foveola palatina (t = 0.16). The main reason for this fact is that the distance from the incisive papilla to foveola palatina does not change with age or teeth extraction, while the bigger length of artificial teeth, obtained in this study, can be attributed to elongation of the upper lip and reduced anterior face height in the edentulous patient.The divider calculated by dividing the distance from the incisive papilla to foveola palatine by the length of the upper central incisor, for our edentulous population was 4.34 and the difference from the proposed one (4) was significant (p < 0.05). However, as the difference in the tooth length would only be 0.7 mm if we used the proposed divider 4, we can recommend the use of this factor as it does not cause discomfort and artificial teeth must be grinded and reduced while setting. This method could be helpful for students and practitioners, since it gives some real numerical values for teeth length.

Illeš D, Alajbeg IŽ, Valentić-Peruzović M. TMD Therapy With Chair -Side Composite Inlays. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):334.

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Illeš I, Delladio S, Illeš D. Combined Orthodontic-Prosthetic Therapy of TMD Patients (Case Report). Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):335.

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Janković B, Ciglar I, Knežević A, Miletić I, Bračić H. The Effect of Chewing Gum in the Prevention of Caries. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):335-6.

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Title in English:	The Effect of Chewing Gum in the Prevention of Caries
Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj guma za žvakanje u prevenciji karijesa
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL CARIES + prevention & control CHEWING GUM
Abstract:	Dental caries, because of its spread worldwide, represents a public health problem. It is therefore, not surprising to find a great number of materials and procedures whose goal is the prevention of its formation. One such procedure is use of chewing gums which stimulate the secretion of saliva, thus preventing the formation of dental bacterial plaque on the surface of the teeth as well as a removal of existing plaque. The study included 16 students (12 female and 4 male) of the 3rd, 4th and 5th year of the Dental School of the Zagreb Universitiy. The goal was to measure the quantity of secretion of unstimulated saliva as opposed to that of stimulated saliva for each student, using the wax sticks borrowed from the Caries risk test set (Schaan, Vivadent) and two kinds of Orbit chewing gum (Wrigley: Winterfresh and Wild Strawberry). The examinees first chewed the wax and the chewing gum for one minute and then swallowed all the secreted saliva. Afterwards they chewed for another three minutes, this time collecting the secreted saliva into a calibrated measuring cup. The achived results are expressed as the medium value and standard deviation, the difference between them being noted with Student t-test. KEP index (DMF/t) for each examinee was also calculated. The achived results showed a significant difference in the saliva secretion during the use of chewing gum and the use of wax. There was also a difference in the secretion of saliva regarding the flavour of the chewing gum. The volume of saliva was more when Wild Strawberry was used. The results of the study justify the use of chewing gums, especially if we take into consideration that many of them contain an artificial sweetner, such as xylithol, with a strong anticaries effect.

Jindra LJ, Cindrić G, Girotto M. Impact of Smoking on Development and Progression of Periodontal Disease. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):336-7.

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Title in English:	Impact of Smoking on Development and Progression of Periodontal Disease
Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj pušenja na razvoj i progresiju parodontne bolesti
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PERIODONTAL DISEASES + etiology SMOKING + adverse effects
Abstract:	Smoking is considered to be a risk factor for onset and progression of periodontal disease.The aim was to determine the prevalence of smoking in the sample, subject to examination among the patients that suffer from periodontal diseases, to identify the impact of smoking on development and progression of periodontal disease, and to compare the periodontal status between smokers and non-smokers.Two hundred patients, half of which were smokers an the other half non-smokers, were examined, and divided in four age groups: up to 1, 20-35, 36-65, and 66 and up, and further classified by gender. Periodontal status was evaluated by use of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), the Loss of Attachment Index (LA), and Klein-Palmer (KEP) Index.Following CPI, the non-smokers were found to have statistically significantly higher prevalence of healthy periodontium that the smokers, in whom a higher prevalence of shallow and deep pockets. Prevalence of periodontal disease in all of the examined patients was 42%. In the group of smokers 60% of examinees were found to have periodontal disease, and 25% of examinees in the group of non smokers.Following LA index, there was statistically significantly higher prevalence of loss of atachment greater than 3 mm in the group of patients who were smokers, than in the group of non-smokers. Following KEP-index, the smokers examined had statistically significantly more caries and extracions than non-smokers,whereas there were no differences in the number of teeth cured. Results showed that the number of cigarttes consumed per day does not affect the development of periodontal disease, but all of the other results showed that the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases among the examined group of smokers was statistically significantly higher than in the examined group of non-smokers of the same age and sex.

Jokić D, Uglešić V, Knežević P, Milić M. Orthodontic treatment of crowding in adult patients (extraction case). Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):337-8.

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Title in English:	Orthodontic treatment of crowding in adult patients (extraction case)
Title in Croatian:	Ortodontsko liječenje dentofacijalnih deformiteta
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	CROWDING MALOCCLUSION + therapy ORTHODONTICS, CORRECTIVE
Abstract:	Disharmony of the jaws presents a great aesthetic and functional problem for patients. The reason for reporting to a clinic is mainly of an aesthetic nature, since most commonly young people are involved, while functional disturbances remain secondary. Such persons have difficulty eating, speaking and breathing. We will present one case of combined dentofacial deformity:PROGNATHISMUS ET LATEROGNATHISMUS MANDIBULARIS.Female patient, 34 years old. From anamnestic data we did not find out whether there were similar problems in the family. The motive for reporting to the clinic was aesthetics, although the patient complained of pain in both temporomandibular joints, difficulty eating and somewhat more difficult pronunciation of certain vocals.A treatment plan was based on:• Analysis of the face, based on profile and en face photographs.• Analysis of occlusion, based on study models.• Roentgen-cephalometry of the profile and AP craniogram, performed on a computer as well as manually, confirmed the above mentioned diagnosis.The treatment was performed exclusively with intraoral and extraoral orthodontic appliances, and we therefore believe that it would be useful to present our experience with such a treatment method.The appearance of the patient after treatment can be seen on the photographs. Repeated cephalometric analyses were performed after completion of the treatment. All parameters were within normal limits, as can be seen from the table presenting pre- and post treatment values. Analysis of the soft tissues also shows significant changes, and relations between the nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin are very good. Today dentofacial deformities are successfully solved. Good study analyses, which serve as the base for planning treatment, guarantee successful treatment. There are very few secrets in ortognatic treatment, but it still requires high professionalism and effectivness.

Juras D, Cekić-Arambašin A. Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Yong Adult - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):338-9.

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Jurela A, Krolo I. Ultrasound of Salivary Glands. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):339-40.

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Title in English:	Ultrasound of Salivary Glands
Title in Croatian:	Ultrazvuk žlijezda slinovnica
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	SALIVARY GLANDS ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Abstract:	Ultrasound is a simple and non-invasive method with no negative effects on the patients health. It is also relatively cheap and enables patients to repeat the examination. It allows quick access into salivary gland morphology. This method is based on the transmission of energy into glandular tissue.The energy is then reflected from the tissue and subsequently received and recorded in order to be interpreted.Since the size, shape and histologic structure are altered by disease, the echostrukture of the salivary gland it self is altered as well, thus revealing a pathological process. The ultrasound should be used immediately after clinical examination as the first stage of diagnostic procedure.By echogenity of inflamed salivary glands acute inflammation can be differentiated from chronic. Unlike acute inflammation in which the parenchyma echogenity is decreased (hypoechogenic), chronic inflammation shows increased echogenity (hyperechogenic). Benign tumors usually show lower echogenity with intensified echoes behind the back wall. The ultrasound image reveals the location, margins, structure dimensions as well as its relation to the surrounding tissues and organs. In a malignant tumor image it is important to observe whether the tumor has spread into the surrounding tissues or it has remained within the glandular tissue. Also it is essential to check whether the lymph nodes are enlarged. An anlysis of other parenchymatous organs such as the liver, spleen and lymph nodes of the abdomen is also possible. Ultrasound of the sialolites of the alivary glands can indicate corresponding pathomorphological changes in glandular parenchyma.The ultrasound is a device which produces crosssection images of the inner parts of the human body spreading an ultrasound wave across the plane. The ultrasound device emits short ultrasound impulses of high frequency (2-10 MHz) into the human body by means of an adequate scanner. The effects of the ultrasound examination depend primarily on the quality of both the device and the scanner, in the physicians skill as well as on the pathologic changes of the salivary glands. When performing a needle biopsy, the ultrasound device also anables the needle to be inserted at a certain angle into the glandular tissue in front of the scanner and directly into the ultrasound waves. In this way, the needle can be seen across its whole lenght, its tip being directed into the area from which the sample for biopsy should be obtained.Although ulatrasound diagnostics is not included in the common methods of dental exmination, it allows the dentist to get better insights into etiology of the process. It also helps in making the diagnosis and, if necessary, referring the patient to further specialist examination.

Jurić H, Klarić T, Lulić-Dukić O. Caries Incidence in Children with Regard to their Oral Hygiene Habits and Past Caries Experience. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):340-1.

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Title in English:	Caries Incidence in Children with Regard to their Oral Hygiene Habits and Past Caries Experience
Title in Croatian:	Pojavnost karijesa u djece s obzirom na oralno-higijenske navike i prijašnje karijes iskustvo
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL CARIES + epidemiology ORAL HYGIENE
Abstract:	Caries incidence in children is frequently connected to certain life habits of each individual. Multifactorial etiology of dental caries make it difficult to act on etiological factors, but if we get to know them better it can help us to prevent tooth decay as one of the most humane and economical ways of acting against caries, which is still an important issue of public health.The aim of this study was to establish certain regularities in caries incidence in children during primary and permanent dentition, with regard to clinical and nonclinical variables which can be gathered in everyday clinical work. The study was conducted on 301 subjects, inhabitans of Petrinja and Topusko. The subjects were age from 3-6 and 11-14 years. Seventy-four subjcts participated in the younger age group and 227 in the older. All the subjects were under the same protocol. The questionnaire examined the level of oral hygiene, use of additional supplements (antibacterial agents, fluorides), eating habits, nutrition and socio-economical status. Clinical examination was made by one experienced examiner. It consisted of a dental examination, determination of the quantity of stimulated saliva and evaluation of oral hygiene index (Green-Vermillion). Orthodontic anomaly was also noted. On the basis of the collected and statistically processed data we reached the following conclusion: children in rural an sub-rural areas of Croatia, especially in parts affected by the recent war, show very high values of dmft/DMFT. DMFT index was 6.67 and dmft 7.7. The obtained value of SiC index was 10.89. On the basis of these results we can conclude that we are still far away from the goals set by WHO and FDI to improve oral health.We also found a very high percentage of orthodontic anomalies, from 68.72% in the older group to 39.19% in the younger. The study confirmed the rule of the distribution of caries lesions towards the tooth and jaw. This knowledge, with the collecting of non-clinical variables, can be effectively used in everyday clinical practice and allows quick and accurate diagnosis with the right preventive and curative care to improve the level of oral health.

Klaić B, Bratolić V, Šostar Z, Baučić I. Organization of the Emergency Dental Service in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):341-2.

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Knezović-Zlatarić D, Čelebić A, Ćelić R. Evaluation of the Mandibular Bone Quality in Complete and Removable Partial Denture Wearers. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):342-3.

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Knežević G, Sandev S. Evaluation of Systemic and Local Complications During Inhalation Anaesthesia in Patients With Oral Surgery Treatment. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):343-4.

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Title in English:	Evaluation of Systemic and Local Complications During Inhalation Anaesthesia in Patients With Oral Surgery Treatment
Title in Croatian:	Procjena sustavskih i lokalnih komplikacija tijekom kratkotrajne inhalacijske anestezije u pacijenata s oralnokirurškim zahvatima
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ANESTHESIA
Abstract:	The aim of the research was to define the disadvantages of short inhalation anaesthesia in children with mental retardation, children with expressive fear of dental or surgical treatment, and adults with some degree of mental retardation unsuitable for regular treatment with local anaesthesia. Monitoring of patients ( pulsoximetry, blood pressure) was done with the intention of recording eventual differences from standard values. The immediate results of monitoring indicated the eventual need for additional medication, to interrupt, stop or repeat the treatment. At the same time we recorded all local complications (fracturing of teeth, excessive bleeding, foreign body in respiratory tract etc.) and the existence of late complications (prolonged bleeding, vomiting) for 2 to 3 hours after the treatment.A group of 84 patients requiring surgical treatment in inhalation anaesthesia is presented. All of them had anaesthesiologic and laboratory examination as the preoperative standard. The treatment was carried out by an oral surgeon, anesthesiologist, technicians and nurses. O2, N2O and Sevoflurane were used for inhalation anesthesia. The age of patients was 1-58 years (av. 29.5). Systemic complications: bronchospasm in two cases /1.68%/, deviations of normal cardiac rhythm 3 /2.52%/ (VES), convulsions (epi) after treatment 1 /0.84%/, saturation O2 under 90% 9 /7.56%/, vomitig after the treatment 1 /0.84%/ high blood pressure was present in 38 /31.92%/ an tachycardia in 45 /37.8%/ of cases.The need to repeat the procedure once occured in 16 /13.44%/ twice 3 /2.52%/ and three times 1 /0.84%/. Foreign body in the respiratory tract 0 /0%/. Local complications: teeth fractures 14 /11.76%/, immediate excessive bleeding 8 /6.72%/, prolonged bleeding 3 /2.52%/. Short inhalation anaesthesia is a successual altenative to general anaesthesia for minor oral surgical interventions but the risk of possible general and local complications has to be considered.

Knežević G, Sandev S. Treatment of Large Odontoma of the Mandible by Two-Phase Surgical Procedure. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):344.

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Knežević P, Uglešić V, Jokić D, Gašparović S. Ostaoplasty with Autologous Cancellous Hip Bone. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):345.

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Kobašlija S, Huseinbegović A, Selimović-Dragaš M, Pioch T. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Investigation of Adhesive and Sealant Resins Into Fissures. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):345-6.

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Title in English:	Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Investigation of Adhesive and Sealant Resins Into Fissures
Title in Croatian:	Konfokalno lasersko istraživanje penetracije dentina adheziva i zaljevača u fisure
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS
Abstract:	The process of fissure sealing should ideally avoid the delivery of any microorganism subtrate into the depths of plaque-retentive pits and fissures. Up to now, available sealing materials have been found to not always completely penetrate to the bottom of deep and medium deep fissures of type I (slit-like) or type IK (ampoule-like). Due to the low viscosity and exellent wetting properties of current dentin adhesive systems, they were used in combination with sealant materials in order to improve the filling of fissures.The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate whether penetration by filled sealing materialsinto fissures of human molars could be improved by combining them with enamel-dentin adhesives.The investigation was carried out on 20 extracted clinically caries-free, human premolars and molars. Cleaning was carried out with an air polishing device for 60 seconds. In the test groups, each containing ten teeth, a two material combination of an enamel-dentin adhesive (Prime&Bond NT) and a filled sealing resin was used to seal the fissures (Dyrect SEal). In the control groups (ten teeth) only the filled sealing material without an initial adhesive was applied. The scaled teeth were sectioned into slices of 700 micrometers in thickness (totla of 53 slices), parallel to the tooth axis. Evaluation under CLSM was carred out.In the experimental group, 12 deep fissures were completely filled, 9 were not filled, 9 were filled with bubbles of air, 1 wide fissure was filled. In the control group, 6 deep fissures were filled, 19 were not filled, 5 were filled with the bubbles of air and 6 wide fisures were filled. We used Chi-sqouare test as a statistic method and later Yatcs correction p = 0.0465. Differences between the control and experimental group are significant.Use of enamel-dentin-adhesive system in fissure sealing have some advantages.

Kobašlija S, Selimović-Dragaš M, Huseinbegović A. The Effect of New Generation Self-etch Adhesives on the Quality of Composite Restorations. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):346-7.

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Kobler P, Živko-Babić J, Borčić J. Guided Bone Regeneration in Dental Implant Treatment - a Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):347-8.

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Konjhodžić-Raščić H, Suljagić S, Vuković A, Prcić-Konjhodžić A. Dental Treatment Complications of a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):348-9.

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Kovač Z, Uhač I, Girotto M, Kovačević D, Gržić R, Muhvić-Urek M, Borčić J. The relationship between type of occlusion and TMJ sounds. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):349.

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Kovačević D, Kovač Z, Uhač I, Gržić R, Delić Z, Blečić N. Influence of smoking on stomatognathic system in women with diabetes. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):349-50.

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Title in English:	Influence of smoking on stomatognathic system in women with diabetes
Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj pušenja na stomatognati sustav žena oboljelih od šećerne bolesti
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	SMOKING + adverse effects STOMATOGNATHIC SYSTEM ORAL HEALTH DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to check the influence of smoking on the stomatognathic system in women with diabetes. Diabetes is metabolic disease that occurs as a result of disorders in creation or secretion of insulin, or its effect. On a weakened organism smoking will probably do more harm on the stomatognathic system then on a healthy one.Women with confirmed diagnosis of diabetes (N = 90) were divided into 2 groups: fertile women (N = 51) and women in the menopause and postmenopause (N = 39). All women completed the given paper forms on general data and their smoking habits. A clinical examination was performed using a stomatological mirror and parodontal probe. Clinical findings of the dental status, gingiva, parodontal tissue (bleeding sulcus index and depth of parodontal pockets) and the status of oral muscosa were evalued.Smoking did not show statistically significant influence on the dental status either on fertile women or on women in the menopause and postmenopause (p > 0.05). Clinical findings of the gingiva and parodontal tissue showed statistically significant difference in women in the menopause and postmenopause (p < 0.05) who smoke in relation to women who do not. In fertile women no statistically significant defference was found (p > 0.05). Clinical findings of oral muscosa were only analyzed in the age group of menopausal and postmenopausal women. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the group of fertile women analysis was not performed due to the small number of specimens.Weakened immunological system due to the synergistic influence of diabetes, smoking and the lack of feminine sex hormones (in the menopause and postmenopause) significantly damages oral muscosa, gingiva and parodontal tissue. The probable explanation was their firm correlation especially throughtout the blood circulation with the other parts of the organism. Smoking did not significantly influence the hard dental tissue, probably because of its inorganic origin and compact structure.

Kovačević M, Tamarut T, Bešlić S, Zoričić S, Bobinac D. Histological Correlation Between Pulp and Periapical Tissue Findings. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):351-2.

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Title in English:	Histological Correlation Between Pulp and Periapical Tissue Findings
Title in Croatian:	Korelacija histopatološkog nalaza pulpnog i periapeksnog tkiva
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL PULP CAVITY + anatomy & histology PERIAPICAL TISSUE
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to analyse the correlation between histopathological findings of pulp and periapical tissue during open infection of the pulp on the experimental dog model.Nine mongrel dogs were divided into 4 experimental groups. Pulps of mandibular premolars (37 roots) were exposed using low-speed dental engine. Teeth were left open to the oral environment for 20 days (group I - two animals with eight roots), 35 days (group II - three animals with 15 roots), 50 days (group III - two animals with 6 roots) ahd 65 days (group IV - two animals with eight roots) to induce pulpitis and apical parodontitis. Pulp of the mesial root (nine roots) of a mandibular molar (control tooth) were not exposed to the oral environment. After the experimental period animals were sacrificed. Undemineralized teeth with bone, embedded in methylmetacrylate, were prepared for histological analysis (toluidine blue).After 20 days exposure (group I9 six roots had partial pulp necrosis and two roots complete pulp necrosis. In group II (35 days exposure) three pulps had pulpitis, six roots had complete pulp necrosis and six partial pulp necrosis. In group III (50 days exposure) two roots had pulpitis, three partial pulp necrosis and one complete pulp necrosis. In group IV (65 days) all pulps (eight) had complete pulp necrosis. All teeth had pulpitis (five roots), regardless of the experimental period, had acute serose apical periodontitis in periapical tissue, all teeth (15 roots) with partial necrosis had subacute apical periodontitis in the periapical tissue. Teeth with complete pulp necrosis (19 roots) had chronic apical periodontitis and in one case in group III abscessus periapicalis. Correlation between histopathological findings of the pulp and periapical tissue is statistically significant (Pearson correlation; r = 0.92, p < 0.01).The condition of the pulp correlated with the histopathological findings of periapical tissue in the open types of the pulp infection. Acute apical periodontitis with bone resorption began during pulpitits and can occur before 20 days of the pulp exposure in the dog.

Kovačić I, Čelebić A, Knezović-Zlatarić D. Influence of Differen Factors o the Rate of Residual Ridge Resorption in Complete Denture Wearers. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):352.

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Krakar N, Filipović-Zore I. Mesiodens in a 14-Month-Old Child. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):353.

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Krmpotić M. The Applicability of Dental Implants in Maxillofacial Reconstruction. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):353.

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Krmpotić M. Evalution of the Sinus Floor - Classic Opened Method vs. Closed Methody by Transalveolar Bone Condensation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):354.

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Kuiš D, Kovačević M, Tamarut T, Bešlić S, Šnjarić D, Horvat J. Evaluation of Bone Remodelling After Endodontic Therapy of the Periapecal Lesion. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):355-6.

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Title in English:	Evaluation of Bone Remodelling After Endodontic Therapy of the Periapecal Lesion
Title in Croatian:	Ocjena preoblikovanja kosti nakon endodontske terapije periapeksne lezije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ROOT CANAL THERAPY + adverse effects PERIAPICAL DISEASES + complications
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to evaluate bone remodelling by measuring osteoid surface, osteoid thickness, osteoclast index and inflammatory cell count after two differnet approaches in endodontic therapy of periapecal lesion on dogs’ teeth.After inducing periapecal lesion in 23 mandibular premolars (37 root canals) from six mongrel dogs, 17 root canals were instrumented to the apical delta with crowndown techniwue using ProFile® Ni-Ti rotary instruments and filled to the same length with Thermafill® obturation technique and Top Seal® cement (group 1). The other 20 root canals (group 2) were instrumented using controlled overinstrumentation technique to the point determined ellectronically (electronic apex locator EED-11, Struja, Zagreb, Croatia). Teeth were obturated with Thermafill® at the length 2mm shorter than the working length. Length of obturation was confirmed radiographically and access cavities sealed with amalgam in both groups. The animals were sacrified 35 days after the end of endodontic treatment. Undemineralizad sections 5-7 mm thick were stained with toluidine blue. The histomorphometric indices (oseoid surface, osteoid thickness, osteoclast index and inflammatory cell count) were measured by light microscopy using computer program (ISSA, Vams, Zagreb, Croatia).The difference between grops was statistically significant in all measured indices. In group 1 the osteoid surface was lower (10.34 % ± 11.60) as well as osteiod thickness (15.62 µm ± 7.41) and inflammatory cell count (111.39 ± 75.81) while osteoclast index was higher (111.34 mm - 2 ± 115.46). In group 2 osteoid surface was higher (33.21 % ± 21.43) as well as osteoid thickness (16.26 µm ± 6.46) and inflammatory cell count (137.62 ± 46.34), while osteoclast index was lower (27.00 mm - 2 ± 39.03). Stastistical analysis was performed using Menn-Whitney U Test.Results obtained by measuring histomorphometric indices indicate sustained bone resorption activity in group 1 anf faster bone formation in group 2. The greater number of inflammatory cells in group 2 was probaly caused by additional trauma of periapical tissues during overinstrumentation. This trauma does not interfere with bone remodelling.

Linčir I, Rošin-Grget K, Šutej I. Auto-Medication of Analgetics by Dental Patients. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):356-7.

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Title in English:	Auto-Medication of Analgetics by Dental Patients
Title in Croatian:	Samoliječenje analgeticima u stomatoloških bolesnika
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ANALGESICS MEDICATION ERRORS
Abstract:	Pain is one of the major challenges in dental care. The most common types of odontogenic pain are characterised as acute pain which is frequently associated with selfmedication with analgesics. However , there is a risk with self-medication such as the use of excessive drug dosage, prolonged duration of use, clinically significant interactions with prescription medicines and polypharmacy and possible side effects. The initial event for most painful conditions is a noxious stimulus that results in tissue destruction, the synthesis and the release of biochemical mediators involved in the pain process. Peripherally acting nonsteroid analgesic-antipyretic drugs /NSAIDs/ are the most commonly used analgesics. They inhibit these biochemical mediators of pain. All NSAIDs share a qualitatively similar side ellect profile, the oral route of administration and all of them are freely available to the general public without prescription over the counter drugs (OTC).The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of auto medication with analgesics among dental patients with acute pain. 32 patients aged from 19 to 73 years, (32.5) of both sexes and with odontalgia were interviewed personally regarding the intensity of their pre-treatment pain and the use of medications. 68% of patients described their pain as severe, 21.9% as moderate pin and 10.1% as unpleasant sensation. The results showed that 99.6% of the patients self-medicated a drug for the immediate relief of toothache. The most frequently self-medicated analgesics were: analgesic-atipyretic combined formulations (propiphenazon + paracetamol + coffeine + codeine) in 33% and diclofenac (Voltaren) in 29.1%, the metamizol in 21.8%, aspirin in 13% and ibuprofen in 3.1%. Selfmedicated drugs came from the pharmacist in 56% patients and 44% from the family stock. Patients (87.5%) were well informed about possible side effects and toxicity of NSAIDs. Adverse effects during therapy was reported by 21.8% patients, mainly as gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea and gastric pain. This is in egreement with the wel documented NSAIDs side effects which are presumably the result of inhibiting cyclooxygenases and a significant cause of morbidity.

Leušić J, Njemirovskij V. Bone Mineralisation in Evaluation of Chronic Periapical Changes. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):357.

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Macan D. Ankylos Dental Implant System - for Which Cases are Implants Suitabe?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):357-8.

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Maćešić M, Kaić Z. The Comparison of Molar Traits in Krapina Hominds and Contemporary Humans. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):358-9.

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Title in English:	The Comparison of Molar Traits in Krapina Hominds and Contemporary Humans
Title in Croatian:	Usporedba značajki molara u krapinskoga hominida i današnjega čovjeka
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	MOLAR + anatomy & histology PALEODONTOLOGY HOMINIDAE
Abstract:	The aim of this study was to investigate morphological characteristics of occlusal surfaces of permanent molars in Krapina hominid (KH) and to compare them with the findings in the modern population (control group, CG). ASU (Arizona State University Dentoanthropological System) standards for the characterization of morphological variants of permanent molars were used for classification of occlusal molar surface characteristics. A total number of 77 KH molars, among them 34 upper and 43 lower, as wel as 4836 CG molars, among them 2548 upper and 2288 lower ones was analysed. The analysis of occlusal molar surfaces revealed a lower incidence of distolingual cusps in CG third and second upper molars.The disappearance of reduction in size of distolingual cusp resulted in a change in occlusal surface contour from rhomboid to triangular and H-shaped grooves were lost; these characteristics were more grequently present in KH (p < 0.05). The least difference was found in the first upper molar; the only significant difference was the Carabelli trait, present significantlly more frequently in KH (p <0.01). In lower KH molars (M1, M2, M3) the incidence of distal cusp was reduced (p < 0.01). In both study groups the most frequent groove shape in M3 and M2 was + shape. X-shape was seen only in CG. The predominanat groove shape in M1 was Y-shape in both study groups. Based on these results, it may be concluded that the number of cusps was reduced ond the shape of occlusal surfacewas changed in modern humans, leading to a reduction in the tital masticatory surface. Since Y-shape is considered most conservative and X-shape considered the most advanced by athropologist, we conclude that M1 remained the most conservative and did not undergo any progression in tooth evolution. The dominant groove shape in M2 was +shape. Since the +shaped groove is consideredintermediate stage the highest evolutionary stage of Y-shape, i.e. the initial stage in X-shape formation, this tooth can be considered the transitional stage in tooth evolutionary development. X-shape was found only in CG, indicating the significant advancement in tooth evolutionary development in comparisom with KH. The dominantgroove shape in M3 was +shape in both study groups. X-shape was not found in any of KH M3 in contrast to CG, where it was found in more than one fourth of teeth. This finding indicates that M3 reached the highest developmental stage among all lower molars in CG.

Magdalenić-Meštrović M, Prpić-Mehičić G. Interdisciplinary Orthodontic and Cosmetic Dentistry Approach - Three Case Reportr. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):359-60.

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Title in English:	Interdisciplinary Orthodontic and Cosmetic Dentistry Approach - Three Case Reportr
Title in Croatian:	Interdisciplinarna suradnja ortodoncije i estetske stomatologije - prikaz triju slučaja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ORTHODONTICS + methods
Abstract:	Orthodontic therapy is not always able to completely meet all osmetic and functional requirements. In such cases, better results are achieved by an interdisciplinary approach, to the satisfaction of both the patient and the therapist.Presentation is made of three patients differing according to their dentofacial anomalies, age and sex, in whom professionally stated socmetic and functional requirements could not have been fully met by orthodontic therapy alone, without the aid of cosmetic dentistry. Although prosthetic treatment (e.g., cosmetic ceramic crown) couldhave been chosen in all three cases, it was decided to perform dental crown reconstruction with composite material (coronoplasty), which produced satisfactory results.Case 1: In a 19-year-old girl, discoloration and size variation of the upper central incisor, caused by endodontic therapy and inappropriate composite filling, remained upon completion of the orthodontic treatment for prognathism, presenting as a cosmetic defect. Satisfactory results were obtained by dental crown reconstruction with composite material.Case 2: An 18-year-old girl with a diagnosis of upper lateral incisor hypodontia on the right and rudimentary form of its counterpart underwent orthodontic treatment with rudimentary tooth extraction on the left an space closure by canine mesialization to the site of the upper leteral incisor bilaterally. As corrective canine regrinding to an incisor failed to produce satisfactory results, coronoplasty was performed.Case 3: A 20-year-old man with a diagnosis of overbite and disproportial crown width of mandibular and maxillary front teeth undeerwent orthodontic treatment, which resulted in residual diastema between the upper front teeth due to the smaller size of the upper relative to lower incisors. Dental crown reconstruction withcomposite material was performed in all four upper incisors.The cosmetic component has become a major factor in the psyhology of good appearance,especially in the young, and one of the main tasks of orthodontics and cosmetic reconstructive dentistry. The filling materials currently used on dental crown reconstruction, in cases such as those described , have allowed for excellent resultsto be achieved in both cosmetic and functional terms.

Majstorović M, Veerkamp JSJ, Škrinjarić I, Glavina D. Reliability and Validity of Measures Used in Assessing Dental Anxiety in 5-15 Year-Old Croatian Children. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):361-2.

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Title in English:	Reliability and Validity of Measures Used in Assessing Dental Anxiety in 5-15 Year-Old Croatian Children
Title in Croatian:	Vrjednovanje pouzdanosti psihometrijskih metoda u procjeni dentalne anksioznosti djece dobne skupine od 5-15 godina u Hrvatskoj
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	ANXIETY ANXIETY DISORDERS CHILD
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to evaluate reliability and validity of different questionnaires and predict related cause-concomitant factors in assessing differnet aspects to childrens dental anxiety.Children were interviewed on dental anxiety, dispositional risk factors and satisfaction with the dentist after dental treatment had been accomplished. Parents were interiewed on dental anxiety as well. The study population included 165 children (91 boys) between the age od 5 and 15 years. They were sent to the dental Clinic by generalpractitioners, because of their dental fear and uncooperative bahaviour during previous dental visits. Children were treated by two dentists, both experienced in treating fearful children.The childrens total average CFSS-DS score was 27.02, with no significant difference with respect to gender. The highest Cronbach alpha scores regarding reliability were obtained for the S - DAI, the CFSS - DS and the PDAS. Pearsons correlations regarding validity represented significant correlations between the CMFQ, the CDASand the S - DAI; the OAS, the CDAS and the S - DAI; as well as between the OAS and the DVSS - SV.Statistical analysis was performed in Statistics for Windows, Release 5.5 and release 7.5. Pearsons correlation coefficients were calculated for validity and Cronbach alpha for reliability of the measures. Spearman Brown prophecy formula was used for correction of the alpha scores.Previous negative medical experience has significant influence on children’s dental anxiety, supporting the Rachmans conditioning theory ( Rachman, 1991). Anxious children are more likely to exibit behaviour problems (agression) and are more introvert in expressing their judgement regarding the dentist. Both the S - DAI and tehCFSS - DS, which was standardized in the Croatian population sample, showed the highest reliability in assessment of children’s dental anxiety.

Maver-Bišćanin M, Mravak-Stipetić M, Jerolimov V. The Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Candia Albicans in Patients with Denture Stomatitis - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):362-3.

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Title in English:	The Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Candia Albicans in Patients with Denture Stomatitis - Case Report
Title in Croatian:	Učinak terapijskog lasera (LLLT) na Candidu albicans u dva bolesnika s protetskim stomatitisom
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	LASERS + therapeutic use CANDIDA ALBICANS STOMATITIS, DENTURE + therapy
Abstract:	The purpose of this study was to present the effect of low level laser therapy on Candida albicans growth and palatal inflammation in two patients with denture stomatitis.The most common oral mucosal disorder in denture wearers in denture stomatitis, a condition which is usually associated with the presence of the yeast Candida albicans. Different treatment methods have been suggested to treat this symptom, none of which is proven to be absolutely effective.Two denture wearing patients, both with platal infammation diagnosed as Newton type II denture stomatitis were treated with low power semiconductor diode laser (BTL-2000, Prague, Czech Republic) with different wavelengths (685 nm and 830 nm) for five days consecutively. In both patients, palatal mucosa an acrylic denture base were irradiated in non-contact mode (probe distance0.5 cm from irradiated area) with different exposure times, 5 minutes (830 nm, 3.0 J/cm2, W = 60 mW) and 10 minutes (685 nm, 3.0 J/cm2, W = 30 mW). The effect of laser light on fungal growth in vivo was evaluated after the final treatment using the swab method and semiquntitative estimation of Candida albicans colonies growthon agar plates. The severity of inflammation was evaluated usin clinical criteria.After low level laser treatment reduction of yeast colonies in the agar plates occured and palatal inflammation diminished.LLLT is efective in treatment of denture stomatitis.Further placebo-controlled studies are in progress.

Mravak-Stipetić M, Filipović-Zore I, Pirkić A, Manojlović S, Virag M. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCCA) Arising from an Oral Lichen Planus Lesion-Report of Two Cases. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):363-4.

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Mravak-Stipetić M, Gall-Trošelj K, Pavelić J. Helicobacter pylori on oral mucosa - topografic distribution. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):364.

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Muhvić-Urek M, Uhač I, Blečić N, Kovač Z, Šimunović-Šoškić M, Antonić R, Borčić J. The influence of bruxism on mandibular movement. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):364-5.

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Muretić Ž, Uglešić V, Jokić D. Interdisciplinary Approach Treatment of Mandibular Prognathism: Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):365-6.

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Title in English:	Interdisciplinary Approach Treatment of Mandibular Prognathism: Case Report
Title in Croatian:	Interdisciplinarni pristup liječenju mandibularnog prognatizma: prikaz tijeka liječenja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PROGNATHISM
Abstract:	Skeletal orthodontic anomalies, as wel as those having strongly manifested skeletal components, represent a remarkable problem from the aspect of treatment. Roendgencephalometric methods of craniofacial growth prediction, by using longitudinal studies, are not reliable because the growth pattern is strictly individual. Mostimportant, but impossible, is to predict the intensity and variations of pubertal growth spurt. Therefore, in some cases, the course of conventional orthodontic treatment must be changed, and a surgical procedure has to be considered.A female patient of the Department of Orthodontics School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, started her treatment at the age of 9, during the mixed dentition, when the diagnosis mandibular prognathism was foreseen. During a few years of treatment bionator and removable plates were applied. Nevertheless, in spite ofexcellent collaboration, during puberty, because of remarkable acceleration of condylar growth, true mandibular prognathism was diagnosed. Surgical procedure was indicated. Therefore orthodontic treatment was focused on removal of dentoalveolar compenstory elements as well as previous treatment effects. By using a fixed appliance (Roth 0.018 system) normal inclination of the incisors wasachieved in both dental arches as well as congruence of transversal dimensions of both jaws, while the sagittal intermaxillary relationship was diagnosed as mandibular prognatism. After a detailed diagnostic procedure and computerised postoperation result vision, surgery intervention was done on the mandible by osteotomy with twovertical and one horizontal cut. Bone surplus segment was removed. The fixation of skeletal segments was done by screws on both sides, whille the intermaxillary relation was obtained by the fixed appliance. Intermaxillary relation was provided by an interdental guide, made just before surgical treatment. During the retention period the previous fixed appliance was used, and after six months it was replaced by two removable retainers. The orthodontic-surgical treatment results confirmed the functional and esthetic demands foreseen by treatmen planning.

Nola I, Šitum M. Disorders of the Skin and Oral Mucosa. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):366-7.

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Novaković B, Pavić M, Carek V. Gradual Loss of Partial Denture Retentive Forces. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):367-8.

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Title in English:	Gradual Loss of Partial Denture Retentive Forces
Title in Croatian:	Postupni gubitak retencijskih sila djelomičnih proteza
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTURE RETENTION
Abstract:	A partial denture can be oppropriately accommodated physiologically on the denture base only with good understanding of the stomatognathic system biostatics. A force can either act as a physiological stimulus or can lead to pathological alterations in supporting tissue, wich depends on a great number of factors.The aim of the study was to determine the initial retentive force values of cast clasps, anchors and magnets as wel as their gradual loss of force after a certain number of retentive elements, extraction and insertion cycles.Measurement were carried out at the Materials Department, School Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb. The examined specimens were made of materials and ready-made elements in accordance with the manufacturer’s declaration. They satisfy the DIN 13912 and DIN 13906-1 criteria and comply with otherinternational standards. The device for retentive force measurement can periodically both include and exclude retentive elements thus continually collecting measurement data.Gradual loss of the examined retentive element forces was analysed by these measurings. The obtained values of the examined retentive elements qualitative analysis are presented in graphs and tables.In the course of analysis it was dicovered that the retentive force value of both clasps and anchors gradually decreases whereas the magnetic force of the alloys remains unchanged.The key factors which have a great impact on the retnetive force value are wear and material fatigue. A clasp in a wet environment (saliva) has less retentive force, but due to decreased wear the retnetive force decrease will progress more slowly.

Pandurić V, Simeon P, Knežević A, Holen N, Perinić M. Vertical Fractures of the Tooth Crown With Amalgam Filling. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):368-9.

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Pavelić B. The Clinical Use of Fiber-Reinforced Composite. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):369.

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Title in English:	The Clinical Use of Fiber-Reinforced Composite
Title in Croatian:	Klinička uporaba vlaknima ojačanih kompozita
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	COMPOSITE RESINS + therapeutic use
Abstract:	Fiber reinforcement has been discussed in the dental literature since the early 1960s, althogh the more recent availability of commercial products is only now leading to recognition and general clinical use. Fiber-reinforced composite can be described by fiber type and fiber orientation, in addition to the presence or abscence of preimpregantion with a resin. Polyethylene, glass, kevlar and carbon fibers have all been used in either unidirectional or woven fiber orientations. The factors affecting the strength of fiber-reinforced composite are orientation of fibers, quantity of fibers, impregnation of fibers with the matrix polymer, adhesion of fiber to the matrix polymer, properties of fibers vs. properties of matrix polymer.Indental reconstructions, undirectional and bi- or multidirectionalfiber orientation is used. Fiber reinforcement is only successful is the loading force can be transferred from the matrix to the fiber. In the case of voids between the matrix and the fiber, the load-bearing capacity of fiberreinforced composite decreases. Poorly impregnated fibers cause another proble: increase in water absorbtion, whichreduces the mechanical properties, and oxygen reserves, which inhibits radical polymerization of the polymer matrix and increases the residual monomer content which can lead to irritant reactions in the oral mucosa. A new fiber-reinforced composite provides the potential for fabrication of splints, metal-free, ceramic-free prosthesis with potential for long-term durability and excellent esthetics.

Perić B, Ćabov T. The Advantages of Implant Therapy in Management of Edentulous Jaw - Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):370.

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Prcić-Konjhodžić A, Konjhodžić-Raščić H, Vuković A, Bajsman A. Esthetic Restoration of Microdontia Central Incisors With Composite Materials. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):370.

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Prcić-Konjhodžić A, Konjhodžić-Raščić H, Malić M, Suljagić S. Ergonomic in Dental Practice. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):371.

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Prohić S, Sulejmanagić N. Actual Approach to Replantation of Avulsed Teeth. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):371-2.

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Richter I, Sušanj J, Stare Z, Vidas I. A Contribution to the Examination of the Oral Mucos Membrane Bioimpedance. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):372-3.

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Sulejmanagić N, Prohić S, Šečić S, Mišeljić S. Dental Treatment in Patient with Kidney Disease. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):373.

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Sulejmanagić H, Sulejmanagić N, Prohić S. Traumatic Injuries of Teeth - Root Fractures. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):374.

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Šečić S, Gojkov T, Sulejmanagić H. The Possibilty of Applcation of 0.05 % Chlor Hexidin Digluconate in Oral Surgery. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):375.

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Škrinjarić I, Glavina D, Majstorović M. Autotransplatation of Premolars to the Central Maxillary Position: a Clinical and Radiographic Follow-Up Study. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):375-6.

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Title in English:	Autotransplatation of Premolars to the Central Maxillary Position: a Clinical and Radiographic Follow-Up Study
Title in Croatian:	Autotransplantacija premolara na mjesto gornjih središnjih sjekutića: Studija kliničkog i radiografskog praćenja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS BICUSPID INCISOR
Abstract:	Autotransplantation of premolars to replace missing maxillary incisors in young patients can provide reestablishment of normal function and aesthetics. However, there is a need to assess function and aesthetic appearance of transplanted teeth in a long-term perspective. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate success of treatment and aesthetic results of transplanted premolars after 7.5 to 11.5 years of follow-up. The purpose was also to evaluate whether transplantation procedure can produce predictable functional and aesthetic results after a longer time of intraoral service. The material comprised 10 patients with transplanted teeth to the position of maxillary central incisors. At the time of transplantation patients were aged between 9 and 14 years (M = 12 years). All of them were treated at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine. After transplantation all teeth were splinted with a wire-composite splint for two weeks, and reshaped using composite after three months. The reshaped teeth were compared with contralateral incisors regarding morphology, colour and overall aestethics. Follow-up ranged from 7.5 to 11.5 years (average) years). The outcome of tooth transplantation wasassessed using clinical, radiographic and aesthetic criteria.The visual analog scale was submitted to the patients to assess their overall satisfaction with procedure outcome. The aesthetic outcome was placed into three categories: 1. Match (difference less than 0.5 mm), 2. Deviate (difference from 0.5 to 1.5 mm), and 3. Mismatch (difference more than 1.5 mm). The results showed that all teeth survived without signs of root resorption and ankylosis, although endodontic treatment was performed in 70 percent of teeth. Aesthetics after initial reshaping was scored as matched in all cases, and in 80 % after follow-up of 7.5 to 11.5 years. The study showed that overall patients’ satisfaction with treatment outcome was very high (VAS = 87.1). Transplantation of premolars to the incisors position represent a safe method that gives highly predictable functional and aesthetic results.

Šnjarić D, Kovačević M, Bešlić S, Tamarut T, Horvat J, Kuiš D. Doxycycline influence on bone remodeling after therapy of periapical lesions. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):376-7.

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Title in English:	Doxycycline influence on bone remodeling after therapy of periapical lesions
Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj doksiciklina na preoblikovanje kosti nakon terapije periapeksne lezije
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PERIAPICAL DISEASES + therapy DOXYCYCLINE BONE REMODELING
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to evaluate bone remodelling after endodontic therapy of periapical lesions combined with doxycycline administration by measuring osteoid surface, osteoid thickness, osteoclast index and inflammatory cell count in comparison with bone remodelling after endodontic therapy whithout antibiotic administration in dogs.The experiment was conducted on six mongrel dogs. Endodontic therapy was performed 35 days after artificial dental pulp exposure. A total of 30 roots were cleaned and shaped by Crown-down technique with Profile® rotary instruments and filled with Thermafill® at the lenght to the apical delta confirmed radiographically. Cavities were sealed with amalgam. Animals were then divided into group 1 (antibiotic, three animals with 21 roots) and group 2 (non-antibiotic, three animals with 17 roots). Immediately after endodontic therapy, animals in group 1 were treated by administration of doxycycline (10 mg/kg, Hiramicin, Pliva d.d., Zagreb, Croatia) for a period od12 days. All animals were sacrified 35 days after endodontic therapy and mandibles embedded in methylmetacrylate. Undemineralized sections 5 µm thick were stained with toluidine blue. The histomorphometric indices (osteoid surface, osteoid thickness, osteoclast index and inflammatory cell count) were measured by light microscopy using computer program (ISSA, Vams, Zagreb,Croatia).Osteoid thickness (group 1: 15.33 µm ± 33.49; group 2: 15.62 µm ± 7.41 ; p > 0.05) and inflammatory cell count (group 1: 117.16 ± 38.66; group 2: 111.39 ± 75.81; p > 0.05) did not show statistically significant difference. The difference between groups was statistically significant in measured indices of osteoid surface and osteoclast index.Osteoid surface was greater in group 1 (group 1: 30.56 ± 15.51; group 2: 10.34% ± 11.60; p < 0.0001). Osteoclast index was lower in group 1 (group 1: 43.13 mm - 2 ± 41.25; group 2: 111.34 mm - 2 ± 115.46 ; p < 0.0001). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test.There was no difference in osteoid thickness and inflammatory cell count between the two groups. Osteoid surface was higher and osteoclast index lower in group 1 (antibiotic treated group) which indicates greater bone tissue healing potential.

Šnjarić D, Strika S, Antončić T, Sredanović A, Pezelj-Ribarić S, Brekalo I. Apical Leakage after Four Endodontic Instrumentation and Filling Procedure. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):378-9.

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Title in English:	Apical Leakage after Four Endodontic Instrumentation and Filling Procedure
Title in Croatian:	Apeksna propusnost nakon četiri endodontska postupka instrumantacije i punjenja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL LEAKAGE ROOT CANAL PREPARATION + instrumentation ROOT CANAL OBTURATION + methods
Abstract:	The aim of this research was to examine apical obturation leakage of filled root canals by a fluid transport model after two different instrumentation techniques (“double flare” and “step-back”) combined with use of two different sealers (eucapercha and Roeko seal®).A sample of 40 permanent single-rooted teeth was used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed at the amelo-cement junction. Teeth were divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. Root-canals of the first and second group were cleaned and shaped by “double flare” technique while “step-back” technique was performed in the third and fourth group. All root-canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl during instrumentation. Prepared root-canals of the first and third group were filled with gutta-percha points and eucapercha sealer by the cold lateral condensation technique while in the second and fourth group Roeko seal® was used as a sealer instead of eucaperchaduring filling procedure. Filled roots were stored in NaCl 3% at 37°C for 7 days. These procedures formed four groups: group DF/EO (double flare/eucapercha), group DF/RS (double flare/Roeko seal®, group SB/EP (step back/eucapercha) and group SB/RS (step back/Roeko seal®). Each root was mounted in a fluid transport modeland leakage was measured by the movement of an air bubble in a capillary glass tube connected to the experimental root section.The difference between group DF/EP (0,152 μL ± 0,12), group DF/RS (0,186 μL ± 0,098), group SB/EP (0,195 μL ± 0,12), and group SB/RS (0,360 μL ± 0,230) was statistically analyzed by Sheffe test. Statiatically significant difference was determined between group DF/EO and group SB/RS. Further statistical anlysis peformed byMann-Whitney U test showed that different instrumentation technique were responsable for the results of analysis.Under the conditions of this research, results obtained with fluid transport model indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between groups where rootcanals were filled with different materials. Apical leakage was signifuicantly lower where root-canals were instrumented by “double flare” technique.

Šutalo J, Knežević A, Negovetić-Mandić V, Tarle Z, Pandurić V. Dens Invaginatus - Treatment Method. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):379-80.

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Title in English:	Dens Invaginatus - Treatment Method
Title in Croatian:	Postupci liječenja Dens Invaginatusa
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TOOTH ABNORMALITIES
Abstract:	Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly, manifested by insertion of enamel and dentin inside the crown and root. This aberration is revealed by the broad spectrum of morphological variations, from the foramen coecum to the smaller larger insertion in the root, sometimes extending to the very apex. Current anomaly classification, presented by Oehlers in 1957, divides the anomalyinto three categories. It is usually detected by roentgen examination. If there is a communication between the invagination and the pulp or a periradicular tissue, soon after tooth eruption change occurs in the pulp vitality in the form of affectation, necrosis and periapical pathological transformation wich necessitates urgent dental intervention. The treatment depends on the type of anomalyand its communication with the pulp and the periapical tissue. The purpose of the study was to present endodontic treatment possibility for the stated anomaly. A 20 yearold patient contacted the Department of Restorative Dentistry at the University of Zagreb school of Dental Medicine complaining of pain in the area of the upper right central incisor. Clinical examination determined palatalprotuberation and Y shape form of the palatal tooth surface including three foramens. Radiological examination showed class II invgination according to Oehlers with periapical communication and extensive periapical process. Endodontic treatment was performed simultaneously with enlargement of both invagination foramens as well as the central area inbetween. Distal root canal was C-shapedwhile the mesial was oval. Method of instrumentation was combined Profile and “step-back” techniqe. Working lenght of the root canal was verified using electronic device Endometer ES-03. Root canals were filled using thermoplastic techniqe and the control X-rays was made after the endodontic treatment. Finally, the crown wasesthetically reconstucted with composite resin. Follow through after one, three and six months revealed a reduction of the pathological process as well as disppearance of clinical symtoms.

Šutalo J, Knežević A, Negovetić-Mandić V, Tarle Z, Pandurić V. Esthetic Reconstruction of the Incisal Edge of Upper Central Incisors. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):380.

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Šutej I, Plančak D, Božić D, Jorgić-Srdjak K, Bošnjak A. Influence of Smoking on the Periodontal Status of Adolescents. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):380-1.

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Title in English:	Influence of Smoking on the Periodontal Status of Adolescents
Title in Croatian:	Utjecaj pušenja na parodontalni status adolescenata
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PERIODONTAL DISEASES + etiology SMOKING + adverse effects
Abstract:	Different studies have proven that smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the occurrence, progression and successual therapy of periodontal disease. However, only few studies have been conducted to prove the influence of smoking in a younger population. As we know that the severity of periodontal disease is directlyassociated with the amount of daily smoked cigarettes and also with the duration of smoking, it is important to find out when the first signs of negative influence appear so that we can act appropriately.The aim of this study was to determine if the periodontal status of smokers and non-smokers has differences, and to establish the influence of smoking habits on loss of attachment.The study was conducted on 517 highschool students. For each examinee data was taken concerning their age, place of residence, social status, smokinghabits, smoking habits of their parents, oral hygiene habits and attendance to a dentist. The periodontal status was measured by the CPI and LA indices. Among the examines 34.6% were regular smokers. Students who are now 16 started to smoke when they were 14, but students who are now 14 and 15 started at age of 12. Children whose parents smoke had a two-fold increase of becoming smokers themselves, compared to children whose parents didnot smoke. Bleeding was more frequent in non-smokers (4.61), than in smokers (4.19) (p=0,001). Smokers had significantly more sextants with calculus (1.47) than nonsmokers (0.88) (p<0,001). Loss of attachment was significantly greater in smokers (1.68) than in non-smokers (1.59) (p<0.001). The amount of smoked cigarettes had a great influence on loss of attachment. The annual loss of attachment in regular and intensive smokers measured 0.07 mm. Oral hygiene habits did not differ between smokers and non-smokers, but students with poor oral hygiene habits had greater attachment loss. Smoking has an influence on periodontal health evenin this young age population, therefore it is necessary to inform young smokers about the negative cosequencese that smoking has.

Tahmiščija H, Laux T, Tahmiščija N. Immediate Strain on Centerpuls Implants Supported With Resilient Supra-Construction Paraplant 2000 (Clinical experience). Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):382.

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Tahmiščija H, Radović S, Topić B, Tahmiščija N, Laux T, Arifhodžić F. Guided Bone Regeneration with Application of Titanium Membrane (Clinical experience). Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):382-3.

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Topić B, Vučićević-Boras V. Oral Health in Dental Anthropology Findings from Krapina Neanderthal Until the Twentieth Century. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):383-4.

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Title in English:	Oral Health in Dental Anthropology Findings from Krapina Neanderthal Until the Twentieth Century
Title in Croatian:	Oralno zdravlje u nalazima dentalne antropologije od krapinskoga neandertalca do dvadesetoga stoljeća
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PALEODONTOLOGY
Abstract:	Carious lesions, periodontal disease and occlusal anomalies together with their complications represent three predominant problems in dental practice. All these findings have been evaluated on the sculls of persons who lived in various periods of time. The aim of this study was to determine findings on the sculls of Krapina Neanderthalpeople and also on people from the first, tenth and twentieth century. The sculls of Krapina Neanderthal people are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb. The sculls from the people of the first and tenth century are stored in the Provincial Museum in Sarajevo and sculls from the twentieth century are stored in theInstitute for Anatomy in the School of Medicine in Sarajevo.On the parts of the sculls of Krapina Neanderthal people occlusion could not be determined, but the status of teeth and alveolar bone was objectively evaluated with regard to the carious lesions and periodontal disease. Therefore, all the measurements in every group out of the total four, was performed with regard to the carious lesionsand periodontal disease. Alveolar bone status was determined according to the TCH (Tooth-Cervical-Height Index). On the 281 Krapina Neanderthal teeth no carious lesions were found whereas resorptive changes in the infra and intraalveolar pockets were noticed. Therefore, periodontal disease has been present for longer than caries. The prevalence of carious lesions continously progressesfrom the first, through tenth untill the twentieth century.

Uglešić V, Jokić D, Knežević P, Grgurević J, Milić M. Orthognathic Surgery - Our Concept. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):384.

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Uhač I, Kovač Z, Gržić R, Kovačević D, Girotto M, Blečić N, Šimunović-Šoškić M. The Relation Between Occlusion and Temporomandibular Disorders. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):384-5.

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Title in English:	The Relation Between Occlusion and Temporomandibular Disorders
Title in Croatian:	Odnos između okluzije i temporomandibularnih poremećaja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS DENTAL OCCLUSION
Abstract:	The etiology of temporomandibular disorders and the role of occlusion, has still not been entirely clarified.The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of occlusal relationship on the function of the stomatognathic system.A group of subjects, aged from 24-52 years (x = 35.03 ± 6.92) was examined. The number of teeth, the number of teeth in occlusion, type of occlusion (canine guided occlusion, group function and balanced occlusion) was determined by clinical examination. Overbite and overjet were measured. RCP position was determined by chinpoint technique and fixing by Lucia-jig. The sliding from RCP to IKP position was determined in the anteroposterior, vertical and lateral direction. A precise calliper was used to measure maximal jaw movement. Pain and sounds were registred. Temporomandibular joints, masticatory and neck muscles were palpated. Helkimo Occlusal, Anamnestic and Clinical Dysfunction Indexes (Index ofmandibular movement, index of TMJ function, Index of painful mandibular movements, index of muscular and TMJ pain) were calculated.3.21% of the subjects were without occlusal disorders (Oi0), 58.32% had moderate occlusal problems (OiI) and 38.56% had severe occlusal problems (OiII). When compared to Anamnestic and Clinical Dysfunction Index the Pearson ?2 test analysis shows that severe occlusal problems are not correlated to severe dysfunction. The difference between the groups is not statistically significant(p > 0.05).The results of this study suggest that occlusion does not have an influence on the occurrence of TMD.

Valentić-Peruzović M, Illeš D, Alajbeg I[. Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) in Contemporary Practice. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):385-6.

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Vodanović M, Brkić H, Demo Ž, Šlaus M. Dental Disease and Dietary Pattern in the Early Medieval Poulation from Bijelo Brdo - East Slavonia, Croatia. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):386-7.

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Title in English:	Dental Disease and Dietary Pattern in the Early Medieval Poulation from Bijelo Brdo - East Slavonia, Croatia
Title in Croatian:	Dentalne bolesti i način prehrane u ranosrdnjovjekovnoj populaciji iz Bijeloga Brda u Istočnoj Slavoniji u Hrvatskoj
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	PALEODONTOLOGY HISTORY, MEDIEVAL
Abstract:	The purpose of this study was first to analyse dental disease in the early medieval population from Bijelo Brdo in East Slavonia, Croatia, and second to determine the dietary pattern with regard to dental diseases.Occlusal surface wear, caries and antemortem tooth loss were studied in the pemanent dentition of 81 skulls from an early medieval cemetery (10 - 11th century) from Bijelo Brdo. After cleaning, the material was stored in Archeological Museum in Zagreb. A total of 979permanent teeth were examined. The number of carious teeth and number of root surfaces involved in caries were recorded for computer analysis.Examined teeth showed moderate occlusal surface wear. The overall caries prevalence was 9.5% of the present teeth. The teeth attacked by caries were chiefly molars, followed by premolars, with a low rate of attack in canines and incisors. A primitive pattern of caries wasrecorded, whereby most cavities ocurred in the interdental space, near the cemento-enamel junction. Skeletal root caries index (SRCI) was 0.9. Ante-mortem tooth loss was 6.7%. Average number of teeth lost before death was 1.22. The first molar was the most frequently lost tooth.Moderate occlusal surface wear, low SRCI and a pattern of caries involving approximal rather than occlusal surface suggest that consumed food was no so coarse and contained much soluble material., that its debris could enter the approximal area close to the contact point. These data are consistent with archeological and historical data wich characterize the Bijelo Brdo population as intensely agricultural with a high comsumption of cereals.

Vučičević-Boras V, Zadro R, Cekić-Arambašin A, Devčić T, Zjača K. Salivary Peroxidase Levels in Patient With Oral Lichen Planus. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):387-8.

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Vuković A, Konjhodžić H, Suljagić S, Prcić A. Correlation Between Dental Status and Education Level Among the Adult Population (35-44) in Sarajevo. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):388-9.

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Zečević Ž, Pervan I, Ograjšek-Škunca D. Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):389.

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Živko-Babić J, Carek A, Carek V. ZrO2 Ceramic as an Esthetic Post. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):389-90.

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Živko-Babić J, Jasprica I, Škarić-Medić M, Jakovac M. Estimation of Standards for Gold and Silver Sampling. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):390-1.

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Title in English:	Estimation of Standards for Gold and Silver Sampling
Title in Croatian:	Određivanje standarda za uzorkovanje zlata i srebra
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	GOLD + therapeutic use SILVER + therapeutic use
Abstract:	Different precious dental alloys are used in prosthodontic therapy. Precious metals are the synonym for biocompatibility. Gold is one of the most inert and silver the most active presious metals.The purpose of this study was to develop an analyze the chromatographic spots of pure gold and silver (Aurodent, Celje, Slovenia).The sampling was performed in a water-HCl(conc.) solution in a 10 : 1 volume ratio at room temperature using a 4,5 V battery. Dissoluted cations and solutions of standard elements (salts of gold and silver) were applied to HPTLC plates (Mareck, Darmstadt, Germany) 10 x 10 cm precoated with cellulose. Plates were developed in a verticalseparating chamber to a height of approximately 8 cm saturated with iso-amyl (3.methyl-1-butanol) - HCl (36,5%) - acetonitrile in a volume ratio 5,4 : 4,3 : 0,3. After development, plates were dried in (a steam of) hot air and the cations were visualized by spraying with the saturated ethanolic solutions of alizarin, diphenylcarbazide,quercetin and 0,1% chlorophorm solution of dithizone. After drying, plates were exposed to NH3 vapor.According to the Rf value and the color of the spots, the difference between gold and silver were obtained.Anodic sampling with thin-layer chromatography is a suitable, nondestructive method for identification of cations presents in different dental alloys. It is possible to identify the cations with their mass ratio W > 1%. The results have shown that the described method is suitable for analysis of gold and silver and it can be used in future work to identify those cations in dental alloys of unknowncomposition.

Weber-Pavlec M, Weber D, Muretić Ž. Compensational Approach to the Treatment of Open Skeleton Type of Occclusion. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2003;37(3):391-2.

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