Browsing of Articles

1. Reynolds PA, Millard B, Dunne S. Is e-Learning ‘inevitable’ in dental education? Experiences from King’s College London Dental Institute. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):3-12.
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   Title in English:	Is e-Learning ‘inevitable’ in dental education? Experiences from King’s College London Dental Institute
   Title in Croatian:	Je li e-učenje "nezaobilazan" dio izobrazbe u stomatologiji? Iskustva londonskoga Kraljevskoga stomatološkog instituta
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	EDUCATION, DENTAL COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION DISTANCE LEARNING
   Abstract:	This descriptive paper aims to demonstrate how experiences of e-learning through four different e-learning projects undertaken at King’s College London Dental Institute (KCLDI) are validating the cultural change towards the use of e-learning in dental education. Definitions of e-learning, flexible learning and distance learning are stated as currently used in higher education in UK. Four investigations undertaken at KCLDI were chosen to represent four different uses of technology, namely CDROM for gaming, PDA for use in clinics, webcasting for Continuing Professional Development (CPD), and blended online learning for CPD. The first two studies involved undergraduate students and the latter two, postgraduate students. Results of the four investigations are presented which demonstrate the increasing value of e-learning in dental education. The needs of the undergraduate are changing in a modern technological and digital world, whilst the postgraduate convenience and efficiency of access to courses, delivered in a blended approach - online coupled with practical tuition - is most highly prized. As the largest dental and medical school in UK, with the highest accolades in teaching quality and research, e-learning has become embedded within the delivery of the curriculum for both undergraduates, postgraduates and in CPD. The advent of an IVIDENT approach (International Virtual Dental School) is advocated to help converge standards and support the Bologna Declaration. e-Learning in dental education is considered ‘inevitable’.

2. Vučićević-Boras V, Lukač J, Brozović S, Alajbeg IŽ. Salivary IgA and IgG Subclass Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: a Pilot Study. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):13-22.
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   Title in English:	Salivary IgA and IgG Subclass Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: a Pilot Study
   Title in Croatian:	Potklase salivarnog IgA i IgG kod bolesnika s oralnim Lihen planusom: ogledna studija
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	SALIVA + immunology IGA + analysis IGG + analysis LICHEN PLANUS, ORAL + immunology
   Abstract:	Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease which is characterized by an immunoreactivity directed against basal keratinocytes and mediated by T/lymphocytes. However, it is well known that salivary immunoglobulins have important role in the protection of mucosal surfaces. The aim of this study was to determine salivary immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) and IgA2, together with IgG 1,2,3,4 subclass levels in patients with oral reticular lichen planus during acute stage and remission period as well as in comparison to the controls. In the whole resting saliva of 19 patients with OLP, age range 30-72, mean 58 years in acute phase and during remission period, and in 21 controls, age range 20-52, mean 35 years, salivary IgA and IgG subclasses were determined with radial immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoassay respectively. There were no significant differences in salivary IgG1 and IgG2 as well as IgA1 and IgA2 between patients in acute phase and controls (p>0.05). Patients in acute phase had significantly increased IgG3, IgG4 and proteins in comparison to the controls (p=0,021; p=0,004; p=0,029). No significant differences could be found between patients in acute phase and during remission period in IgG1,2,3,4 and IgA1 while IgA2 was significantly increased in acute phase in comparison to the remission period (p=0,049). Between patients in remission period and controls there were no significant differences in any IgA or IgG salivary subclasses (p>0,05). We can conclude that acute phase is characterized with increase in IgA2 which might reflect increased activity of secretory immunity as a possible result of microbial stimulation seen in acute phase in comparison to the remission period.

3. Dhanuthai K, Chaiyarit P, Chowsrikul W, Wongsana P, Rojanawatsirivej S. Cytokeratin 18 & 19 Expression in Normal Mucosa, Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):23-30.
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   Title in English:	Cytokeratin 18 & 19 Expression in Normal Mucosa, Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
   Title in Croatian:	Ekspresija citokeratina 18 i 19 u normalnoj sluznici, lichen planusu i karcinomu pločastih stanica
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	KERATINS MOUTH MUCOSA + cytology LICHEN PLANUS, ORAL + diagnosis CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL
   Abstract:	Cytokeratins (CK) are structural proteins in epithelial cells. Changes in cytokeratin expression have been observed during neoplastic transformation. Objectives: To evaluate cytokeratin 18 and 19 expression in normal mucosa, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: Thirty cases each of normal mucosa, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Khon Kaen University. Tissue sections were stained with antibodies to cytokeratin 18 and 19. Immunoreactivity was evaluated by counting cells. The CK labeling indeks was calculated by dividing the number of positively stained cells x 100 by total number of cells counted. Results: 9 out of 30 (30.0%) normal mucosa, 5 out of 30 (16.7%) lichen planus and 4 out of 30 (13.3%) squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated positive staining for CK18. Squamous cell carcinoma showed the highest mean CK18 labeling index, followed in descending order by normal mucosa and lichen planus, respectively. Twenty three out of 30 (76.7%) normal mucosa, 9 out of 30 (30.0%) lichen planus and 1 out of 30 (3.33%) squamous cell carcinoma elicited positive staining for CK19. Normal mucosa elicited the highest mean CK19 labeling index, followed in descending order by lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Conclusions: CK18 expression in normal mucosa, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma is low and there is no statistical difference among the three groups of lesions. CK 19 expression in normal mucosa is statistically higher than that of lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma. CK19 might be a good candidate to be included in a panel of antibodies for detecting malignant transformation of oral mucosa into squamous cell carcinoma.

4. Knežević A, Tarle Z, Negovetić Mandić V, Prskalo K, Pandurić V, Janković B. Primary Fisssure Carious Lesion Reversal Using Ozone. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):31-8.
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   Title in English:	Primary Fisssure Carious Lesion Reversal Using Ozone
   Title in Croatian:	Terapija ozonom inicijalnih karijesnih lezija u fisurama
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL CARIES + therapy OZONE + therapeutic use CARIOSTATIC AGENTS TOOTH REMINERALIZATION
   Abstract:	Minimally invasive dentistry holds an important place in the treatment of caries lesion. Introduction of laser fluorescence as a diagnostic and ozone as a therapeutic means finds more frequent usage in both preventive and curative dentistry. DIAGNOdent device (KaVo, Germany) is based on laser fluorescence which enables early diagnosis as well as monitoring the development of caries lesion while use of ozone with HealOzone device (KaVo, Germany) provides painless treatment. Even though there are number of indications for use of ozone in dentistry, most important is therapy of caries lesions. Purpose of this investigation was to observe the effect of ozone applied via HealOzone device on the total of 70 primary fissure lesions previously detected with DIAGNOdent device and to determine whether there is a decrease in lesion demineralization values between first visit, first and second recall after one and two month period. Results showed statistically significant difference in demineralization values recorded on DIAGNOdent scale between first visit and every repeated recall (p<0,001).

5. Jurić H, Škrinjarić I, Bošnjak A. Effectiveness of Different Preventive Procedures in the Control of Some Caries Risk Factors. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):39-48.
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   Title in English:	Effectiveness of Different Preventive Procedures in the Control of Some Caries Risk Factors
   Title in Croatian:	Učinkovitost različitih preventivnih postupaka u kontroli nekih čimbenika rizika za karijes
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	ORAL HYGIENE INDEX DENTAL PROPHYLAXIS CARIOSTATIC AGENTS FLUORIDATION CHEWING GUM CARIOGENIC AGENTS
   Abstract:	Caries risk assessment is a valuable clinical procedure that in many ways alleviates implementation of preventive procedures in the entire population. When high-risk individuals for new caries lesions are identified the most effective preventive protocol should be applied. The aim of this study was to investigate the caries preventive values of certain preventive procedures in in vivo conditions. Five groups of subjects, each with 18 children aged from 4-5 and 10-12 years (n=90) were treated with different preventive procedures (aminfluoride solution, professional prophylactic paste, chewing gum containing xylitol and fluoride, chlorhexidine solution, chlorhexidine gel). During a period of two months five measurements were performed and the following variables evaluated: the number of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB), oral hygiene index (OHI), the amount of stimulated saliva and buffer capacity. At the end of the study the best result in the reduction of the number of bacteria was achieved by the application of Proxyt paste and daily use of chewing gum, (p<0.001). In patients treated with this preventive procedure the number of SM was reduced by 1 class and LB to <104 after two months of study. The results obtained indicate that professional teeth cleaning and use of chewing gum with xylitol and fluorides on daily basis can be very effective protocol for controlling most important caries risk factors or predictors.

6. Kqiku L, Hoxha V, Städtler P. Determination of Working Length with Three Different Apex Locators. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):49-56.
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   Title in English:	Determination of Working Length with Three Different Apex Locators
   Title in Croatian:	Određivanje radne duljine s trima različitim endometrima
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	ROOT CANAL THERAPY + instrumentation DENTAL EQUIPMENT
   Abstract:	The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy three different apex locators. A total of 20 extracted single - rooted human teeth were used for this study. The teeth were embedded in an alginate (Alginate Plus, Henry Schein, Melville, NY, USA) model developed for electric working length determination with apex locators. Electronic length measurement was achieved with three different apex locators: Propex Apex Locator (Dentsply/Maillefer, Montigny le Bretonneux, Switzerland), Root ZX (Morita Europe, Dietzenbach, Germany), Elements Diagnostic Unit Apex Locator (Sybron Endo, Glendora, California, USA) using a size 15 K file (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). After that the working length was determined radiographically by placing a size 15 file to the root canal, then subtracting 1 mm from apex. Each root canal was prepared in the apical third and the distance between the instrument’s tip to the apical foramen was analyzed under stereomicroscope. The results were subjected to statistical analysis with ANOVA using the SPSS 11.0 program. There were no significant differences between the different apex locators used and the radiographic control in determining working lengths. Electronic working length measurement with different apex locators used in this study proved the same results as the radiological control of canal length determination.

7. Gabrić D, Katanec D. Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):57-65.
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   Title in English:	Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation
   Title in Croatian:	Elevacija dna maksilarnog sinusa
   Type of Article:	review
   MeSH:	ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION MAXILLARY SINUS ORAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES
   Abstract:	Distal edentulousness of the maxilla, together with extensive resorption of the alveolar crest or high pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, is often a limiting factor for implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. It is possible to compensate insufficient bone volume by elevating the floor of the maxillary sinus using an operative procedure (sinus floor elevation or sinus lifting). Elevation of the sinus floor is an operative procedure based on moving the bottom of the sinus cranially while simultaneously augmenting the bone defect, with the purpose of creating sufficient height at the bone fundament needed for the placement of dental implants. This operative technique has been routine in clinical practice since 1986 and is constantly being improved and modified. The purpose of this review is to present the different techniques in sinus lifting with all their advantages and disadvantages in order to render their implementation in clinical practice as successful as possible. Elevating the maxillary sinus floor by augmentation with allograft or autologous bone implants is a reliable method which broadens the indications for the placement of dental implants in the molar region of alveolar bone A, where, due to extensive pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, it was not previously possible.

8. Knežević G, Rinčić M, Knežević D. Radiological Evaluation of the Healing of Bone Defects Filled with Tricalcium Phosphate (Bioresorb) after Cystectomy of the Mandible. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):66-73.
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   Title in English:	Radiological Evaluation of the Healing of Bone Defects Filled with Tricalcium Phosphate (Bioresorb) after Cystectomy of the Mandible
   Title in Croatian:	Radiološka procjena cijeljenja koštanih defekata punjenih trikalcijevim fosfatom (Bioresorbom) nakon cistektomije u donjoj čeljusti
   Type of Article:	case report
   MeSH:	BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS CALCIUM PHOSPHATES JAW CYSTS
   Abstract:	Tricalcium phosphate -Ca3(PO4)2- is a resorbable and biocompatible calcium phosphate ceramic with the ratio of calcium and phosphate atoms very similar to natural bone mineral and consequently in the tissue it behaves like an autogenic bone transplant. It is gradually resorbed during remodelling of the bone and substituted with new osseous tissue. In oral surgery it is mainly used for large bone defects which develop during operations for cysts and tumours and in dental implantology. The purpose of the study was to present two cases of the healing of bone defects after operation of jaw cysts filled with granulate beta-tricalcium phosphate (Bioresorb Macro Pore - Oraltronics). The method was performed on hospitalised patients with their prior consent in the Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital “Dubrava”. Bone defects were filled with the required amount of granulate, granules 1000 - 2000 µm in size. The results of healing were subjectively evaluated by analysis of radiographs after 2, 4 and 6 months and compared with the healing of a similar cavity after enucleation of a bone cyst treated by Partsch II method with permanent postoperative suctions. The preliminary results of the application of Bioresorb Macro Pore in the treatment of large mandibular cysts showed very good acceptability of the material, with no complications with regard to infection or problematic healing of the wound, and restoration of the bone structure was completed within a period of 4 and 6 months after the operation. The examples presented and their comparison with a third example support the application of resorbable tricalcium phosphate. By this method the anticipated bone structure is achieved faster than by other known methods.

9. Tangjarturonrasme P, Norrnitachaiyakul S, Pimkawkum A, Luckprom P, Thongprasom K. Atenolol Associated With Oral Cancer?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(1):74-9.
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   Title in English:	Atenolol Associated With Oral Cancer?
   Title in Croatian:	Povezanost atenolola i oralnog karcinoma?
   Type of Article:	letter to the editor
   MeSH:	ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS MOUTH NEOPLASMS
   Abstract:	Antihypertensive drugs have been reported to cause adverse reactions to the oral mucosa such as aphthous ulceration, xerostomia, lichenoid reaction, vesiculoerosive lesions, pemphigus-like lesions, black hairy tongue, taste disturbance, lupuslike lesions, gingival hyperplasia and others. A Thai 51-year-old male patient was diagnosed with hypertension by his physician in 2001 and was treated with Atenolol (Prenolol®) combined with a diuretic drug for 2 years. In 2003, two years after administration with Atenolol, the patient developed oral ulceration on the right retromolar. This letter shows clinical picture, treatment and the possibilities of the connection between antihypertensive drugs with oral cancer.