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NOTES:

*Articles are cited according to Uniform Requirements by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors - ICMJE and NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors and Publishers

Meštrović S, Gabrić Pandurić D, Anić Milošević S, Ribarić D. Risk Factors of Traumatic Injuries to the Upper Incisors. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):3-10.

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Čuković-Bagić I, Sever N, Brkić H, Kern J. Dental Age Estimation in Children Using Orthopantomograms. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):11-8.

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Title in English:	Dental Age Estimation in Children Using Orthopantomograms
Title in Croatian:	Određivanje dentalne dobi očitavanjem sa ortopantomograma
Type of Article:	original scientific paper
MeSH:	AGE DETERMINATION BY TEETH FORENSIC DENTISTRY RADIOGRAPHY, PANORAMIC
Abstract:	Developing teeth are used to assess maturity and estimate age in a number of disciplines, such as pediatric and preventive dentistry, orthodontics, forensic odontology, etc. Aim: The accuracy of different methods has not been systematically investigated within the Croatian population, so the aim of this investigation was to determine the accuracy of two methods; Demirjian’s and Haavikko’s. Material and Methods: Tooth formation was assessed from orthopantomograms (OPGs) belonging to healthy children, patients of the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb. The sample consisted of 324 children (149 boys, 175 girls, ages 6–16 years). The OPGs were examined and seven mandibular teeth were staged according to Demirjian’s dental maturity scale and according to Haavikko. Descriptive statistics were used together with relation analysis (Spearman correlation) and tests (Lilliefors test for normality of distribution, t-test for significance of Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, and Mann-Whitney test for testing the differences between boys and girls). Results: Dental age and the difference between dental and actual chronological age was calculated for both methods. Results showed that Demirjian’s method overestimated the age while Haavikko’s method underestimated the age. All data was subjected to both correlation and regression analysis, which showed that both applied methods gave results with significant correlation to the actual age (Demirjian’s method yielded a 0.93 coefficient of correlation, Haavikko’s method yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.89, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study on Croatian children has shown high correlation coefficients for both methods and demonstrated their potential benefit in clinical and scientific use.

Knežević A, Ristić M, Tarle Z, Pichler G, Musić S. Degree of Conversion and Temperature Increase During Composite Polymerisation with Led Units of Different Intensity. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):19-29.

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Title in English:	Degree of Conversion and Temperature Increase During Composite Polymerisation with Led Units of Different Intensity
Title in Croatian:	Stupanj konverzije i temperaturni porast kod kompozita polimeriziranih LED-uređajima različitog intenziteta
Type of Article:	original scientific paper
MeSH:	COMPOSITE RESINS POLYMERS
Abstract:	The appearance of LED curing units for composite materials polymerization has almost completely replaced halogen curing units. The main disadvantage of halogen curing units was a temperature rise during the polymerization. Earlier generations of LED devices made the temperature rise negligible. The newest generation of LED curing units makes a higher degree of conversion due to higher light intensity, but also brings to question the temperature rise during the composite materials polymerization. Aim: The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of conversion and temperature rise in composite resin samples. Material and Methods: The samples were polymerized by curing modes of different light intensity of four LED units: Bluephase, Bluephase C5, Bluephase C8 and Bluephase 16i (all units Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). The degree of conversion was measured by FTIR spectrophotometer, while for the temperature it was measured using the thermometer ELV Pyroscan (Leer, Germany). Results: The highest degree of conversion was achieved in the case of composite resin samples polymerized with soft-start mode (SOFT) of Bluephase 16i unit, while the lowest degree of conversion was achieved in the case of polymerization with Bluephase C5 curing unit. The highest temperature rise was recorded in the case of composite samples polymerization with high intensity mode (HIGH) and SOFT mode of Bluephase 16i, while the lowest in the case of polymerization with low intensity mode (LOW) of Bluephase C8 unit. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that higher degree of conversion brings higher temperature rise, regardless of composite material used.

Hergüner Siso S, Er K, Hürmüzlü F, Kustarci A, Akpinar KE. Fracture Resistance of Root-Filled Maxillary Premolar Teeth Restored with Current Dentin Bonding Adhesives. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):30-40.

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Title in English:	Fracture Resistance of Root-Filled Maxillary Premolar Teeth Restored with Current Dentin Bonding Adhesives
Title in Croatian:	Otpornost na frakturu gornjih pretkutnjaka s kanalom punjenim dentinskim adhezivnim sustavima
Type of Article:	original scientific paper
MeSH:	BICUSPID TOOTH FRACTURE ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS DENTIN-BONDING AGENTS COMPOSITE RESINS
Abstract:	Objective: The aim was to study and compare the fracture resistance of root-filled premolar teeth restored with various dentin bonding adhesives (DBAs). Material and Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted human maxillary premolar teeth were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=10). Group 1 (control) did not receive any preparation. From groups 2 to 8, the teeth were root filled and MOD cavities were prepared. Group 2 remained unrestored. Groups 3-8 were restored using the following DBAs: iBond (Heraeus Kulzer), G-Bond (GC Co.), Xeno III (Dentsply/Caulk), AdheSe (Ivoclar Vivadent), Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray) and Clearfil Tri-S Bond (Kuraray); all preparations were further restored with a resin composite (Renew, Bisco). All specimens were then stored in 100% humidity at 37 ºC for 24 h, followed by thermal cycling 500 times between 5° and 55 °C. Compressive loading of the teeth was performed by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min-1 until failure. The data were recorded in Newton (N) and were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Results: The mean loads necessary to fracture the samples in each group were: group 1: 984.00 ± 116.27a, group 2: 167.30 ± 47.26b, group 3: 872.30 ± 164.99a, group 4: 848.70 ± 157.84a, group 5: 916.30 ± 246.19a, group 6: 863.20 ± 197.69a, group 7: 802.20 ± 183.84a, group 8: 870.70 ± 126.48a. Similar letters indicate statistically similar values (P>0.05). Conclusion: The type of DBAs had no influence on the fracture resistance of teeth.

Mašek I, Matošević D, Jurić H, Meštrović S. Antimicrobial Effects of Chlorhexidine in Orthodontic Patients. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):41-8.

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Lončar A, Vojvodić D, Jerolimov V, Komar D, Žabarović D. Fibre Reinforced Polymers Part II: Effect on Mechanical Properties. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):49-63.

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Youngnak-Piboonratanakit P, Takahashi Y, Nakajima Y, Omura K. Acute Angioedema and Urticaria Associated with Herpes Simplex Infection?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):64-71.

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Kurklu E, Ergun S, Güllüoglu MG, Subay MO, Subay KR, Tanyeri H. Surgical Management of Overfilling of a Root Canal Filling Material: a Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):72-8.

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Gabrić Pandurić D, Sušić M, Ćatić A, Katanec D. Minimally Invasive One-Stage Flapless Technique with Immediate Non-Functional Implant Loading. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):79-85.

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Title in English:	Minimally Invasive One-Stage Flapless Technique with Immediate Non-Functional Implant Loading
Title in Croatian:	Minimalno invazivna jednofazna tehnika bez odizanja režnja s imedijatnim nefunkcijskim opterećenjem
Type of Article:	case report
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION ESTHETICS, DENTAL MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Abstract:	The current trend in dental implantology is to develop techniques that can provide function, esthetics, and comfort with a minimally invasive surgical approach. Minimally invasive one-stage flapless technique in maxillary anterior region is usually considered in conjunction with functional or non-functional immediate loading. In this report, a clinical case of using minimally invasive one-stage flapless technique for maxillary right incisor replacement with immediate non-functional loading is presented. A patient was a 21-year-old male with clinical and x-ray signs of a vertical fracture of the endodontically treated maxillary right incisor. After the tooth extraction, guided bone regeneration procedure was performed to prevent post extraction alveolus collapse and provide a better site for the future implant. After 4 months transmucosal surgical approach was used to insert a tapered implant. Location was determined on the basis of slice ortopantomogram x-rays and surgical drill guide was made for precise definition of implant site and angulation. The implant was immediately restored with final zirconium oxide ceramic abutment and temporary acrylic crown without any occlusal contacts. After a healing period of 6 months, the osseointegration was assessed with resonance frequency analysis (value 75.3) and considered adequate. The implant was then treated with the final fixed prosthetic restoration. The patient exhibited neither clinical nor radiologic complications throughout the 6 months period of clinical monitoring.

Trimpou G. Synergy Effects with Mechanically High-Strength Implant Systems: Expanded Treatment Possibilities. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):94.

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Krenkel C. Bony Reconstruction and Implantology for Full Rehabilitation of the Masticatory Apparatus. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):94.

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Title in English:	Bony Reconstruction and Implantology for Full Rehabilitation of the Masticatory Apparatus
Title in Croatian:	Koštana rekonstrukcija i implantologija u potpunoj rehabilitaciji žvačnog sustava
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS BONE SUBSTITUTES ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION
Abstract:	The introduction of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of our patients in everyday dental practice has notably improved the quality of living. Such procedures can successfully resolve many functional and esthetic problems; however, some difficult cases, which require long-term and extensive intervention, still remain. First and foremost being severe jaw atrophy, where the alveolar process is no longer present. Such conditions are more frequent in the lower jaw where the stability and retention of lower complete dentures represent a leading problem in dentistry. The main cause of severe atrophies is early tooth loss, which was not prosthetically substituted. In such patients it is necessary to increase the mass of and build up the jawbone (augmentation). In those cases artificial bone is used (inorganic parts of animal bones or synthetic materials) or even bone autotransplantation. Autologus bone has shown to be successful, but it requires the opening of yet another operative field in the lower jaw (chin, retromolar area), crista iliaca or parietal bone (calvaria graft). Sometimes, depending on indications, simultaneous implant setting is performed. In more difficult cases, it is necessary to first increase the bone mass, wait 4 to 6 weeks for the integration of the autologus bone and only then perform the implantation. After the implant is fixated with small screws, we must carefully fixate the periosteal layer with resorbing sutures to ensure the operative field is covered with a double layer. The patients should not wear dentures during this time.In the lateral segment of the upper jaw, sinus lifting is performed in cases with severe atrophies and alveolar resorption of the maxillary sinus. At times simultaneously with implantation, where as in more difficult cases only sinus lifting is performed and implantation follows 4 to 6 months after.Nowadays, severe atrophies of the lower jaw (classes 5 and 6 according to Watzek) are solved with bone endo-distraction. For that purpose, special instruments were constructed and hollow implants (distractors) which after osteotomy of the lower jaw, are embedded in the osteotomised section of the lower jaw. We use one or two distractors. Gradually turning the distraction screw which passes through the hollow implant, we way we stimulate callus formation or bone growth between the described sections. With the described procedure, we can noticeably increase and heighten the front of the lower jaw. We often insert 4 implants after 3 to 4 months and make a prosthetic suprastructure with an extended bar onto which the cover denture is attached. Thus, good functional and esthetic results are achieved. In the described procedure, so far there has not been any secondary implant loss or development of periimplantitis.

Lorenzoni M. Bone Substitutes: Success and Challenges. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):95.

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Stiller M. Functional and Aesthetic Periimplant Soft Tissue Surgery: Indications and Long Term Results. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):95.

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Drüke G. Minimally Invasive Surgery Procedures With One Piece Implants: A new Biologic Philosophy in Implant Therapy. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):95.

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Krenkel C. Techniques of Prosthetic Treatment after Setting Implants. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):96.

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Title in English:	Techniques of Prosthetic Treatment after Setting Implants
Title in Croatian:	Mogućnosti protetske rehabilitacije nakon usađivanja implantata
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS
Abstract:	Implantology has greatly changed the possibilities of prosthetic care of our patients. The indications of implant settings are: improved functions – mastication, preservation of remaining natural teeth and complete prosthetic rehabilitation of the masticatory system. 85% of the patients that come to our practices come due to partial tooth loss, whereas 15% of the patients have total tooth loss. An absolute indication for implantprosthetic rehabilitation is in cases of tooth loss where the adjacent teeth are completely healthy, regardless them being anterior or posterior teeth. This way we have avoided grinding down intact adjacent teeth. Unilateral tooth loss presents a special problem since it can extend to the midline. In such cases we insert 3 or 4 implants, fabricate a bar, and on the opposite full set of teeth fabricate telescopic crowns and attach a cover denture. In a toothless upper jaw we can insert enough implants required for a fixed prosthesis, however, for aesthetic reasons we need to avoid setting implants in the anterior region. After the setting of 4 to 6 implants in the region between both mental foramens in the lower jaw, it is recommended to plan out a combined prosthetic denture. Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation requires a team approach between a surgeon, dental prosthodontist and dental technician. It is important to explain to patients what implants can and cannot accomplish, and further explain the procedure for achieving optimal results. It is a different treatment approach in tooth loss in the anterior and posterior regions due to aesthetic demands, differences in bone volume and masticatory forces. However, the rule that it is not always the best option to replace natural teeth with implants applies to both regions. Restricting factors in the lateral segment are strong masticatory forces, and more often it is possible to inset only short implants. In treatment planning it is often necessary to take a three-dimensional image of the jaw (dental CT) and an orthopantomogram with a surgical template and radio-opaque teeth set in the way, which resembles what the final prosthetic work will look like. Patients, unfortunately, after tooth loss oftentimes delay prosthetic rehabilitation which results in severe atrophy. In such cases, when the anterior segment of the alveolar ridge is preserved we can achieve good results with two or three implants and the help of a ball attachments (on the implant) and retentive matrices in the denture. When setting 4 implants, it is prosthetically favorable to use a bar to attach the denture. Cone shaped crown can be fabricated as crown abutments for removable partial dentures and patients can maintain oral hygiene easily around them. Naturally, expenses for implant-prosthetic rehabilitation cannot be neglected in the planning of such prosthetic work.

Alius JK. Zirconiumdioxide in Implantology. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):96-7.

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Filipović-Zore I, Jurić H, Komar D. In the Era of Implant Dentistry: Did we Forget Own Teeth Buds?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):97.

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Cikač E, Kobler P, Kuštelega R. Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation: Result of a Team Work. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):97.

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Grgurević J, Jokić D, Vojvodić D. Orthodontic and Surgical Preparation of a Patient for Fixed Restoration. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):97.

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Žabarović D, Macan D, Vojvodić D. Telescopic Crowns as Retentive Elements of an Overdenture on Implants in the Edentoulous Mandible: Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):98.

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Gorjanc J, Gorjanc M. Immediate Versus Late Restoration With Conical Crowns on Implants in Edentulous Mandible. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):98.

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Title in English:	Immediate Versus Late Restoration With Conical Crowns on Implants in Edentulous Mandible
Title in Croatian:	Imedijatna nasuprot kasnoj opskrbi koničnim krunicama na implantatima u bezuboj donjoj čeljusti
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS MANDIBLE ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS JAW, EDENTULOUS
Abstract:	The conical crown was introduced more than twenty years ago, as a development of the well-known telescopic crown. It can be a very useful solution for immediate implant retained prosthodontic rehabilitation in the mandible. It is one of the standard treatment concepts that offers immediate stabilization of pre-existing denture and is regarded far from experimental today. It enhances comfort to the patient and reduces the number of surgical steps. Although more and more patients ask for an accelerated implant treatment, sometimes additional costs or presumed safety hazards can discourage them. In such situations, late restoration is also viable option. In the last two years, we have been treating 8 patients (5 male, 3 female) with complete mandibular edentoulism by placing four interforaminal implants. In 5 patients, immediate restoration on prefabricated conical crowns was delivered by the use of preexisting dentures that were replaced by a new, metal reinforced denture 3 months later. In 3 patients implants have been loaded 3 months after implantation, after a period of submerged healing. Both groups were similar regarding bone quality, implant length and width, age of the patient, but immediately placement of implants was more common in immediate loading group. The implant success and survival rate was the same in both groups (100%). No postoperative discomfort was reported by patients with immediate loading and bone resorption rate did not differ between the groups. With this retrospective study, we have proved same results with immediate and late loading of implants that supported mandibular dentures on conical crowns. It seems that such a solution splints the implants in the healing period perfectly and it does not interfere with oral hygiene. We believe that such a way of immediate loading can be recommended without limited safety for the patient.

Ćatić A, Sušić M. Immediate 1-stage Single-Tooth Implant Loading: Results of a 4-Year Experience. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):98.

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Perić B, Ćabov T, Filipović-Zore I, Biočić J. Reconstruction of Atrophic Maxilla in Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):99.

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Cerović R, Juretić M, Ćabov T, Belušić-Gobić M. Alveolar Augmentation by Autotransplanted Bone. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):99.

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Brajdić D, Macan D. Alveolar Bone Reconstruction for Implant Placement in Anterior Maxilla. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):99-100.

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Title in English:	Alveolar Bone Reconstruction for Implant Placement in Anterior Maxilla
Title in Croatian:	Rekonstrukcija dijela alveolarnog grebena za postavu dentalnih implantata u prednjoj maksili
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS MAXILLA ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS BONE REGENERATION
Abstract:	Reconstruction of demanding areas represent a particular clinical challenge in implant dentistry. These are mostly atrophic regions with sinus recesses, as well as the region close to the nasal cavity in the anterior part of the maxilla. In mandible, the vertical atrophy laterally leads to the inability to place implants to the proximity of the alveolar nerve in one procedure. Horizontal atrophy can cause inability to place implants, even when the vertical dimension is satisfactory. A combination of these findings is especially demanding in the anterior parts of maxilla, due to the functional and esthetic requirements of prosthetic reconstructions. We show three cases of extreme resorption in anterior maxilla, where one teeth was missing. First is a case of horizontal resorption with two cortical plates joined together and the crest width of 3 mm. By expanding the crest we were able to place an implant (Ankylos®, Friadent, Germany) in the same procedure. Second case was extensive resorption of the vestibular socket wall, where we were able to regain bone by combining xenogene (Bio- Oss® - Geistlich Biomaterials, Switzerland) and autologous bone material and by covering it with a resorbable membrane (Bio-Gide® - Geistlich Biomaterials, Switzerland). After 4 months of healing an implant was placed in the regenerated bone (Ankylos), with satisfactory primary stability. Third case was a situation of extenstive horizontal and vertical resorption, similar to the first case. By using resorbable membrane on both sides of the defect and a mixture of xenogenous and autologous bone material, and a block transplant fixated with a screw, we obtained acceptable bakterijbone dimension for implant placement after 4 months of healing.

Cerović R, Juretić M, Belušić-Gobić M. Sinus Lift With Immediate Implant Placement. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):100.

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Macan D, Uglešić V, Knežević P, Potočki K, Šutić I, Jokić D, Keser I. Clinical Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein rhBMP-7 in Implantology. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):100.

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Title in English:	Clinical Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein rhBMP-7 in Implantology
Title in Croatian:	Klinička primjena koštanog morfogenetskog proteina rhBMP-7 u implantologiji
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS BONE REGENERATION DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS MANDIBLE TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS
Abstract:	Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is the most promising osteoinductive substance and has demonstrated the ability to stimulate bone regeneration. Several animal studies confirmed that the application of bone morphogenetic proteins caused a more rapid and enhanced osseointegration of simultaneously placed implants when compared to the bone substitute alone. To our knowledge, only two case reports presented clinical use of BMP-7 in maxillofacial surgery (maxillary sinus floor elevation; Le Fort I osteotomy and advancement).We present patient with recurrent ameloblastoma treated by segmental osteotomy of the mandible. The bone defect (6 cm length) was reconstructed by autogenous iliac crest bone grafts using BMP-7 (Stryker Biotech, USA). Radiographic evidence of new bone formation was seen at 9 months, postoperatively. A biopsy was taken at 9 months demonstrated viable new bone formation. A year after the reconstruction we have inserted three dental implants (Ankylos ®, Friadent, Germany). One implant failed, and two years after the insertion we have loaded two implants with ceramic bridge. Follow-up period is two years. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of dental implants inserted in resected mandible reconstructed by bone graft using bone morphogenetic protein. The problem of BMP-7 dosage and overgrowth of the graft should be discussed. Although this case has shown encouraging results, long-term results and the predictability of nthis type of reconstruction in humans are still unknown.

Sfeatcu R, Ciochinaru A, Burlibasa M, Popovici I, Tanase G, Stanescu R. Study of Microbial Adherence on the Surface of Some Dental Alloys Used in Oral Implantology. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):100-1.

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Title in English:	Study of Microbial Adherence on the Surface of Some Dental Alloys Used in Oral Implantology
Title in Croatian:	Ispitivanje adherencije mikroorganizama na površinu legura koje se koriste u dentalnoj implantologiji
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL PLAQUE DENTAL ALLOYS BACTERIAL ADHESION HYPHAE DENTAL PROSTHESIS
Abstract:	The main objective of this study was to constitute a collection of bacterial and fungal trunks isolated from dental plaque and to study the artificial developed biofilms on dental alloys used in oral implantology. Dental plaque specimens were collected from 40 patients in duplicates. The analysis of bacterial diversity of dental plaque samples was realized with: optic microscope, scanning electron microscope, determination of bacterial loading, identification of the most important bacterial species and genus. After that, were tested the pathogenicity and the virulent status and also the resistance of the cells with no adherence and of the cells included in artificial developed biofilms on dental alloys often used in oral implantology. Selected materials were: noble alloys (gold-palladium gold-platinum), seminoble alloys (silver-palladium), stainless alloys (cobalt-chromium, nickel-chromium alloys) titanium and titanium alloys. The confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a very complex and highly organized architecture of dental plaque dense masses of microorganisms embedded in a microbial matrix. The qualitative analysis of microorganisms in dental plaque by direct optic examination of Gram-stained smears showed a great diversity of morphological types in 82,5% of cases, with the constant presence of micellian hyphae, the rest of 17,5% being monomorphous. Two non-cultivable spirochetae were present in 12,5% of cases. The quantitative analysis of the dental plaque revealed comparative levels of microbial densities (from 2,4x102 to 6,8x103 CFU/ml). Out of the total number of 50 microbial strains recovered from the analyzed specimens, 50% exhibited ability to adhere to different dental alloys (inert substratum) used in oral implantology.

Rebić J, Macan D, Grgurević L. Immediate Implant Placement in a Previously Infected Alveola: Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):101.

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Title in English:	Immediate Implant Placement in a Previously Infected Alveola: Case Report
Title in Croatian:	Imedijatna implantacija u primarno inficiranu alveolu: prikaz slučaja
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS, SINGLE-TOOTH DENTAL PORCELAIN ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION BONE SUBSTITUTES
Abstract:	We present a case report of immediate implant placement with augmentation of xenogenous bone material in a 36-year-old patient after upper first molar extraction with progressive periodontitis. Lindeboom et al. found 8% of complications in immediate implant placement in locations with periapical infection, while Schwartz et al. found 56.7% complications after implant placement in patients with infective posttraumatic processes. Both authors agree that immediate implant placement can be used with predictable results and that the inflammatory process on an implant site does not have to influence the outcome of implant placement and prosthetic restoration. After clinical and radiographic examination the extraction of tooth 16 was indicated. The decision on immediate implant placement was achieved due to the possible intra- and postoperative complications regarding late implantation and prolonged time of prosthetic treatment after sinus lift procedure. Alveola was curetted after extraction; during wall integrity examination we determined the position of the future implant, but there was no acceptable length. Osteotomes were used to deepen the osteotomy, and screw tap was used to form the site for the implant. Prepared site was augmented with 500 mg of xenogenous bone material (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich Biomaterials, Switzerland). Ankylos B11 implant was placed in the osteotomy and covered with a resorbable membrane (Bio-Gide® Geistlich Biomaterials, Switzerland). Mucoperiosteal flap was mobilized by cutting the periosteum, and sutured back in place. Six months after implant placement a healing abutment was placed. Two weeks later an impression was taken and shade of the future crown was determined. Ankylos Balance Posterior abutment was screwed onto the implant and the finished crown was cemented.

Kočar M, Sapundžijev D, Kansky A, Gorjanc M. Ishod imedijatne implantacije u akutno inflamirane alveole nasuprot klinički zdravim alveolama: šestmjesečno praćenje. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):101.

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Title in English:	Ishod imedijatne implantacije u akutno inflamirane alveole nasuprot klinički zdravim alveolama: šestmjesečno praćenje
Title in Croatian:	Ishod imedijatne implantacije u akutno inflamirane alveole nasuprot klinički zdravim alveolama: šestmjesečno praćenje
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS, SINGLE-TOOTH ALVEOLAR ABSCESS PERIAPICAL ABSCESS
Abstract:	Immediate implantation should be a procedure with predictable outcome. But for any elective surgery in the mouth, acute inflammation is regarded as contraindication. Our goal was to establish whether acute inflammation can adversely affect implantation outcome. Nine implants were immediately placed and prosthetically restored in eight patients (6 female, 2 male). In the group of inflamed socket (ISO) four implants in four patients were implanted in maxilla where at least one clinical sign of inflammation was present: fistula with pus (three sockets) and evident mucosal swelling (one patient). Other five implants (3 in the maxilla and 2 in the mandible) in four patients were placed in sockets without inflammation (NISO). Reasons for extraction were: root fracture, root resorption after luxation injury and failure of treatment of chronical periapical periodontitis. Surgical procedure was pointed toward preservation of tissues, curettage and gaining of primary stability. The void between the socket and the implant was filled with deproteinized bovine bone granules. Temporary crowns were delivered without any occlusal contact (non-functional loading). Antibiotic was prescribed for 10 days. Clinical and radiographic controls were performed according to the protocol (1/6/12/24 weeks). Survival rate was 100% in both groups. Regarding other criteria, all the implants were successful. With eight implants apposition of bone was seen over the implant shoulder on x-rays after 24 weeks, with one from NISO only unilaterally. Fistulas were closed in two weeks. With one patient postoperative hematoma emerged and resorbed uneventfully. Although lover survival and success rates were expected with the ISO group, this was not the case; bony overgrowth is even suggesting the opposite. Accurate aseptic surgery, removal of inflamed tissues and appropriate antibiotic obviously overweighed the threat of non-integration due to infections. This pilot study should be continued to prove these early results.

Gorjanc M. Guided Implant Surgery in Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) Patient: a Promising Way in Overcoming Morphologic Problems in Implantology. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):102.

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Title in English:	Guided Implant Surgery in Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) Patient: a Promising Way in Overcoming Morphologic Problems in Implantology
Title in Croatian:	Navođena implantacija kod pacijenta s rascjepom usnice i nepca (CLP): obećavajući način svladavanja morfoloških problema u dentalnoj implantologiji
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS CLEF LIP CLEF PALATE TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS BONE SUBSTITUTES ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS
Abstract:	Bilateral cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation characterized by morphologic changes and deficiencies of soft and hard tissues in oral and maxillofacial region. Surgical correction usually takes place in childhood, but some problems can show up later. Beside the essential hypodontia in the cleft region, tooth loss due to other etiologic factors can contribute to edentoulism in adult patients. We present a case of 52-years old male patient with bilateral CLP. After surgical correction in the childhood, patient led a normal life with compensated function of the stomatognathic system. Problems arised, when he lost his last four maxillary teeth that supported his denture. Due to particular morphology of the ridges, removable prosthetic solution was only partly satisfying his needs. After consultation with the prosthodontist, we decided for implant supported solution. Preliminary dental CT showed atrophic bony ridges that excluded the possibility of orthotopic implant placement. As the patients resources were limited and extensive sinus lifts were out of his range, we decided for a compromise: autologous retromolar bone graft to the left premolar region, where we were facing the least bone quantity, was performed first. The gained bone volume was established on an additional dental CT and computer aided planning, was performed for placement of four maxillary implants. Planning culminated in fabrication of mucosa supported surgical guide (Simplant, Materialise) and was followed by successful placement of the implants. We conclude that computer aided planning and guided implant surgery make the extreme surgical precision possible and predictable. This is of utmost importance in situations with scarce bone quantity, where every millimeter of residual bone can be a landmark between failure and success.

Popadić Ž. Computer Guided Dental Implantology: Fiction or Reality?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):102-3.

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Title in English:	Computer Guided Dental Implantology: Fiction or Reality?
Title in Croatian:	Računalno vođena zubna implantologija: mašta ili stvarnost?
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL PROSTHESIS, IMPLANT-SUPPORTED COMPUTER SIMULATION IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Abstract:	Nobel Guide is a revolutionary therapeutic concept by Nobel Biocare (Sweden), world leader in innovative esthetic solutions in dentistry. The system uses advantages of Procera program for computer-supported implant treatment planning by means of minimally invasive flapless surgical technique. This program enables planning of the complete procedure of implant placement, including their width, length, number and angulation, as well as different abutments that are ready for receiving prosthetic suprastructure. Everything is based on a CT scan of patient’s jaws and radiographic template. Procera software can convert DICOM files in 3D objects by using the radiographic template. Borders of soft tissue, neighboring teeth (if present), alveolar nerve, mental foramen, and maxillary sinus are precisely determined. Treatment plan is sent to Sweden where a special surgical template is fabricated. Based on this template a technician is able to work on a temporary or even final prosthetic solution using a wide spectrum of Nobel Biocare products. Finally, the same template is used for implant placement using a minimally invasive procedure in a safest and most precise manner. The whole procedure lasts less than one hour, and patient receives implants and prosthetics. After the procedure patient can function normally, does not have a need for sick leave from work and is spared the unpleasantnesses that occur after a conventional implant surgery. The total number of visits is smaller than in conventional therapy. Operating dentist’s benefit is that he has less working time, less mistakes, high precision in surgical and prosthetic treatment.

Prohić S, Trninić S, Galić I. Computer Program for Recording Surgical Protocol, Clinical and Paraclinical Values in Implant Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):103.

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Title in English:	Computer Program for Recording Surgical Protocol, Clinical and Paraclinical Values in Implant Dentistry
Title in Croatian:	Računarski program za evidenciju kirurškog protokola, kliničkih i
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS COMPUTER SIMULATION IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL
Abstract:	Contemporary implant dentistry includes scientific approach and evaluation throught the whole procedure of implantoprosthetic treatment: planning, surgical and prosthetic procedures. We are more and more relying on computer programs as tools in everyday work, during preoperative planning, surgical navigation, intraoperativne visualization of implants, and, lately, in 3-dimensional simulation for training of surgeons. In order to be able to control and compare different implant systems, Department of Oral Surgery has created an original computer program for recording surgical protocols, clinical and paraclinical values of implant patients. Program includes three parts: administrative (recording general data about the patient, type of edentoulism and planned rehabilitation), surgical (surgical protocol, postoperative complications, surgeon, assistant, type of anesthesia) and third part that includes possible recording of objective clinical values measured at recalls (periotest value (PTV), gingival index, depth of gingival sulcus, radiovisiographs analysis of the periimplant region (RVG)). Final part of the program has a possibility to print and analyze data. All data can be statistically analyzed. By creating such a program, and by systematic and prompt input of data, as well as by statistical analysis, we are able to track and compare objectively the clinical parameters of different implants during time. There is a possibility that the program creates a network with other users and greater database, enabling statistical analysis of more information.

Knežević G, Sandev S, Knežević D. Complications in Implant Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):103-4.

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Title in English:	Complications in Implant Dentistry
Title in Croatian:	Komplikacije u dentalnoj implantologiji
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL RESTORATION FAILURE
Abstract:	Professional implant meetings are usually places where colleagues speak about their successes, new technological solultions or epidemiological analysis of their results. Failures or complications are usually shown as other people’s results that were inadvertently seen during the work. The aim of this presentation is to highlight expected and unexpected complications seen during the course of work with AstraTech (Sweden) implant system, maily due to the poor surgical planning, inadequate implant diameter and length, variable anatomical an intermaxillary situations, compromises due to the patient health, inadequate choice of prosthetic suprastructure, patient’s poor maintenance and bad habits or other unclear reasons. During 10 years of work with the mentioned implant system, the number of complication, compared to the number of placed implants (250) was in accordance with previously published results. There were 5 (2 %) cases of osseointegration failure; three of them being solved by immediate implantation in the same osteotomy of an implant of same or wider diameter, and two by implantation three months later, at same site, or nearby. In 2 cases (0.8 %) the implants were explanted 5 years after implantation, both due to periimplantitis. In one case the reason was inadequate implant diameter and unappropriate prosthetic suprastructure. The reason was primarily overload of a narrow implant in the first molar region and poor maintenance as well as no recall. In the second case there was mobile mucosa around the implant together with a combination of tooth-to-implant loading. There was one case (0.4 %) liofperiimplantitis after 5 years of function of an implant in a central incisor site that had a cantilever suprastructure. After the removal of suprastructure and resolution of the inflammation, the same abutment was replaced. There were 2 factures (0.8 %) of implants in cases of total edentoulism in the maxilla where two types of implants were used as pillars of a fixed denture. Facture can be explained by bruxism and small cantilevers that leads to screw loosening. The abutments became loose and the implants fractured in the cervical region. In the end, we must mention one (0.4 %) screw fracture during abutment placement on an osseointegrated implant, a difficult and unexplainable complication that requires different prosthetic solutions, or a tiresome procedure of screw retrieval. We noticed some screw loosening; these were retightened. More serious surgical patient’s life threatening complications were not present in the sample.

Božić D, Sever L, Plančak D. Successful Regenerative Therapy of a Periimplant Defect: One Year Result. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):104.

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Title in English:	Successful Regenerative Therapy of a Periimplant Defect: One Year Result
Title in Croatian:	Uspješna regenerativna terapija periimplantatnog defekta: rezultat nakon jedne godine
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS BONE SUBSTITUTES
Abstract:	Two implants were inserted in patient’s region 24 and 25. After six months of healing, before implant uncovering, a fistula was observed above implant 24. Radiographic imaging showed great bone loss around the implant, and the reason for the infection was vertical fracture of tooth 23. It was decided to be treated by a regenerative procedure. After applying local anesthetic the incision was performed vertically 10 mm behind the implant 25 and 5-6 mm palatally from the alveolar crest, finishing with the vertical incision mesially from 23. After flap reflection tooth 23 was extracted and granulation tissue was removed so that the 5 mm depth circumferential defect could be displayed. Palatally, the defect was 3 mm vertically. After implant surface was cleansed with cotton pellet soaked in chlorhexidine, implant surface was covered with autogenous bone, and over it xenogenous material (Biogen-mix, Bioteck, Italy) was placed in a manner that the volume of the transplanted material was 30 % greater than the alveolar crest to compensate for the material resorption. A collagen membrane was placed in two layers over the material (Bio-Gide® - Geistlich Biomaterials, Switzerland). After a periostal incision and repositioning the flap, it was sutured by horizontal mattress and interrupted sutures. Two weeks after operation the sutures were removed, and there was no membrane exposure during the healing period. Six months postoperatively a control radiograph showed healing of the periimplant defect. The implants were uncovered and in 6 weeks the impression was taken and zirconia crowns were cemented. One year after functional loading radiographs showed stable regenerated bone around the implant.

Knezović Zlatarić D, Koršić M, Filipović-Zore I. Jaw Osteonecrosis in Patients Treated by Bisphosphonates. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):104-5.

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Brajdić D, Macan D. Implants in Patients on Bisphosphonate Therapy: Yes, No, When?. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):105.

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Title in English:	Implants in Patients on Bisphosphonate Therapy: Yes, No, When?
Title in Croatian:	Implantati u bolesnika liječenih bifosfonatima: da, ne i kada?
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DIPHOSPHONATES OSTEONECROSIS JAW DISEASES
Abstract:	Bisphosphonates are used in therapy of Paget disease, for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal, senile or corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and hypercalcemia caused by osteolysis in a number of malignant diseases such as multiple myeloma, lung, prostate or breast cancer. Despite numerous side-effects, according to the latest studies, this drug group is promising in regards of increase of therapeutical indications. Their influence on the bone can be contradictory, as side-effects that are a consequence of their antiangiogenetic and apoptotic action on keratinocytes. Osteoclast apoptosis on the molecular level reduces bone restructuring. Bisphosphonate molecules are incorporated in hydroxilapatite matrix that leads to the changes in bone microstructure, slowing of growth and degradation of bone minerals. Osteoblastic activity remains undisturbed so there is an increase of bone mass. These changes occur in all bones, but due to the specific good blood vessel network of the jaw bones, their increased daily activity and presence of teeth, they are prone to the accumulation of higher drug concentration, and therefore higher incidence of side-effects. Osteonecrosis is mostly a consequence of traumatization of soft and bone tissue, either by a foreign body, and prosthetic restoration, or a dental procedure, mostly tooth extraction. Avascular necrosis and osteonecrosis as consequences are higher in more potent bisphosphonates that are taken parenterally – Aredia (pamidronate-disodium), Zometa (zolendronate) – and lower in peroral prescriptions – Pleostat (ethidronatedisodium), Fosamax (alendronate-sodium), Actonel (risedronate) and Bonefos (chlodronate-disodium). The risk is in correlation with the presence of nitrous chains in the drug, cumulative effects of the dosis, duration of therapy, presence of medical and dental comorbidity, chemotherapy and invasive dental procedures. Invasive dental procedures should be performed at least one month before start of the bisphosphonate therapy, and it is recommended to avoid any dental treatment during therapy, unless there are certain indications for any procedure according to type or duration of bisphosphonate therapy.

Živko-Babić J, Kobler P, Jakovac M. Implantoprosthetic Treatment of a Missing Frontal Tooth. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):105-6.

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Sušić M, Gabrić Pandurić D, Ćatić A, Kobler P. Immediate Nonfunctional Load in the Esthetic Zone: Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):106.

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Doblanović K, Ilijaš-Doblanović D. Immediate Implantation in the Molar Region: Case Reports. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):106.

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Tot B. Esthetics on Implants Replacing Maxillary Incisors. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):106-7.

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Title in English:	Esthetics on Implants Replacing Maxillary Incisors
Title in Croatian:	Estetika na implantatima gornjih sjekutića
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS, SINGLE-TOOTH INCISOR ESTHETICS, DENTAL
Abstract:	In patients with vertical fracture of a central incisor we need to extract as soon as possible, when great esthetic problems start to appear and one wants to deal with them instantly. The best, but also most expensive solution is an implant. Implants do not require grinding of neighboring teeth, but esthetic requirements for the central incisor are the greatest. Bearing in mind that only 20% of patients have a low smile line, today’s implant dentistry there is no doubt that an implant will integrate, but how to answer to patients’ high esthetic demands? It is important to start with the treatment early, before an infection around the fracture develops. A careful extraction is required, with periotomes. In case a fracture occurs, the surgical procedure must be widened. After extraction remove the remaining periodontium completely. An implant should not be placed so that is compromises the buccal bone plate, it should be placed more palatinally what gives more stability and better conditions for immediate load. In cases of good primary stability the abutment should be placed immediately. The implant should not be too wide! That compromises the width of the aproximal bone and the nutrition of the attached gingiva, and thereb esthetics as well. Every removal of the abutment increases bone resorption and pocket formation so it should be reduced to a minimum. Attached gingiva should be sutured easily to the abutment. Plan the position of the final ceramic crown in advance, and form the attached gingiva accordingly. My experience is that in cases of immediate load one should always use narrow abutments, so that the crown and the abutment lie more closely to the attached mucosa. Crown-abutment interface should be in the upper third of the sulcus. One should model the crowns with slight overhanging that decreases the food traumatization by chewing

Starčević D, Starčević H, Štajcer A. Zirconia Crowns on Implants: Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):107.

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Krhen J, Canjuga I, Jerolimov V, Krhen T. Implant Stability Measurement Six Weeks After Insertion. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):107.

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Ćelić R, Dulčić N, Pandurić J. Occlusal Schemes for Implant Supported Reconstructions. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):107-8.

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Title in English:	Occlusal Schemes for Implant Supported Reconstructions
Title in Croatian:	Okluzijske sheme za protetske radove nošene implantatima
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL OCCLUSION BITE FORCE BIOMECHANICS
Abstract:	The aim of prosthetic therapy is to create an illusion of natural health, to establish the physiology and esthetics of the masticatory system and psychological calamity and security of the patient. These goals should always be in focus. Each dentist that uses implant treatment must pose a question whether implant placement is the best treatment choice, or could the situation be resolved with conventional means. Dental implants and implant-borne prosthetics are today accepted as long-term predictable prosthetic-restaurative solution with advantages and disadvantages on scientific and professional levels. Implant-borne prosthetics represent a challenge since a clinician has a possibility to decide on the size and shape of the occlusal surface (scheme); to decide on the number, position, size and orientation of the implants; to modify the quantity and architecture of the bone. Two main etiological reasons that lead to implant failure are bacterial infection and local biomechanical factors that are correlated to implant overload. The role of the occlusion is, therefore, of great importance for different types of prosthetic constructions, especially since it is often disregarded in the clinical work. Natural teeth have periodontal proprioceptors that protect the teeth and their periodontia from the overload that causes trauma of the supporting bone. Although there are many factors included in neuromuscular activities in the natural dentition, there are no specific defense mechanisms to occlusal forces in implant-supported occlusion. Therefore, a poor occlusal scheme on dental implants can lead to failures, but when known prosthetic postulates are used, implants serve with high success rates. The aim of this presentation was to review the occlusal concepts (bilateral, unilateral, canine guidance and “implant occlusion”) that can be used in different prosthetic reconstructions on implants (from single tooth replacement to complete oral rehabilitation). The accent was on biomechanical postulates of the occlusion that are complementing the systematic, individualized treatment plan and precise surgical procedures.

Bubalo V. Dental Implants as a Successful Alternative to a Partial Denture. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):108.

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Bubalo V. Lower Partial Denture Retention by Means of Dental Implants. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):108.

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Šarac Z, Miljko V, Balić D, Filipović-Zore I, Knezović-Zlatarić D. Connection Between an Implant and a Natural Pillar. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):109.

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Doblanović K, Jokić D, Ilijaš-Doblanović D. Implantoprosthetic and Orthodontic Therapy of Second Lower Premolar Malposition. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):109.

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Karabeg D, Macan D. Implant Abutment Screw Fracture: Technical Failure. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):109.

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Kovač Z, Ćabov T, Uhač I, Šimunović-Šoškić M, Muhvić-Urek M, Kocijan W. Implantoprosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient On Anticoagulation Therapy. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):109-10.

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Gabrić Pandurić D, Sušić M, Kobler P, Pelivan I. Possibility of β-tricalcium Phosphate Use in Implant Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):110.

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Title in English:	Possibility of β-tricalcium Phosphate Use in Implant Dentistry
Title in Croatian:	Mogućnost primjene β-trikalcijsfosfata u dentalnoj implantologiji
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS DENTAL IMPLANTS TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS BONE SUBSTITUTES ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION
Abstract:	Xenogenous and alloplastic materials are frequently used in implant dentistry today. Mostly they are used in combination with autologous bone transplant in dehiscences and fenestrations of implants, and in post-extraction augmentation of sockets for preservation of bone height and width. Easy-Graft™ (Biodegradable Solutions AG, Switzerland) is a beta-tricalcium phosphate material in granules that are covered with a micrometer layer of polylactic acid. Coated granules are transformed into a sticky material by the activator, enabling the clinician to apply the material directly from a syringe. In contact with blood it hardens and mimics the shape of the defect and stays mechanically stable. This is 100% synthetic, completely resorbable material that is substituted by bone in some months. We are showing 3 cases where Easy-Graft™ has been used in combination with dental implant or in preparation of the site for implant placement. Use of Easy-Graft™ in the postextraction socket of the first upper premolar that was extracted due to the vertical fracture of the root, in order to prevent the collapse of socket walls and horizontal resorption of the crest. Use of the material simultaneously with implant placement in the area of the left central incisor for the augmentation of the circumferential defect that was caused by the horizontal resorption of the alveolar crest. Use of the material simultaneously with implant placement in the area of the left second upper premolar with a vestibular dehiscence, in combination with autologous bone material. We can conclude that Easy-Graft™ can be used in implant dentistry in various clinical cases due to its simple application and resorbability.

Vlah M, Bošnjak A, Meniga A. Postekstrakcijska augmentacija alveola modificiranim beta-trikalcijevim fosfatom. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):110-1.

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Title in English:	Postekstrakcijska augmentacija alveola modificiranim beta-trikalcijevim fosfatom
Title in Croatian:	Postekstrakcijska augmentacija alveola modificiranim beta-trikalcijevim fosfatom
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	TOOTH EXTRACTION BONE SUBSTITUTES ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS
Abstract:	Preservation of bone volume after tooth extraction is of great importance for the functional and esthetic success of implanto-prosthetic treatment. There is no data on the success of the tested beta-tricalcium phosphate augmentation material for the preservation of bone volume after extraction. In order to test it, we chose 12 patients that had an indication for single tooth extraction (vertical fracture or internal resorption). Teeth were extracted by an atraumatic procedure using Periotome® (NobelBiocare, Sweden). After careful cleaning of the wound and rinsing with 0.9% saline the socket was augmented with aloplastic material consisting of 60% crystallinic hydroxiapatite and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate (Bone Ceramic, Straumann AG, Switzerland, particle size 500-1000 μm). A gelatine tampone with 5% colloid silver (Gelatamp, Roeko, Coltene/Whaledent, Germany) was placed over the augmented material, and a cross-suture of expanded polytetrafluorethilene (Gore-Tex CV-5 or CV-6, WL Gore & Associates, Inc., USA) was placed over it to hold it in place. The suture was removed 10 days after extraction, and the patients were instructed to rinse once daily with 0.12% solution of chlorhexidine-digluconate (Curasept ADS 212, Curaden, Switzerland). Control radiograph was taken after the procedure and minimally 3 months after the extraction, when a titanium implant (diameter 3.9 mm, Ospol AB, Sweden) was placed in the healed socket. All implants had primary stability of at leas 35 Ncm, and a temporary crown was placed on them. Bone volume was retained, and augmentation material ensured good primary stability after healing time of at least 3 months.

Donfrid M. Hollingshead Social Status Index of Workers, Clerks and Farmers Aged 65 and Over. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(1):111.

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Title in English:	Hollingshead Social Status Index of Workers, Clerks and Farmers Aged 65 and Over
Title in Croatian:	Indeks socijalnog statusa po Hollingsheadu radnika, službenika i poljoprivrednika starosti 65 i više godina
Type of Article:	congress abstract
MeSH:	DENTAL CARIES DMF INDEX ORAL HYGIENE INDEX
Abstract:	Aim of the study: To assess the epidemiological characteristics and differences in caries occurrence in rural and urban populations with different social status. According to the World Health Organization experts, on a sample of 90 interviewed persons aged 65 and over. After the interview, oral examination and medical-statistical analysis, the following results were obtained: a-1) In the table of dental morbidity, the intensity of caries is displayed by DMFT index and mean Kip. In males, DMFT is 260 and KIp 12.36. In females DMFT is 437, and KIp 15.06. χ2 value is 1.9481, while tabular value at 0.05 level of confidence with 2 degrees of freedom is 5.99; a-2) In male clerks DMFT is 154, KIp 15.4, in female clerks DMFT is 163, KIp is 16.3. χ2 is 0.006; tabular value is 5.99 at 0.05 level of confidence with two degrees of freedom; a-3) In farmers DMFT for males is 151, and Kip 15.1, while for females DMFT is 138, KIp 13.8. χ² is 1.3827, while tabular values are the same as in a-1 and a-2; b) The KIO, KIZ and KIp values in all subjects are as follows: KIO 99.33%, KIZ 46.08%, and KIp 14.67%; c) In oral hygiene level and degree of caries table it can be seen that total DMFT is 152, KIp is 1.7, total OHI-index 263.99 and OHI-index per person 2.88. In this age group, regarding the χ² value (52.9441 with 4 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance) there is statistically significant difference between workers and farmers.