Browsing of Articles

1. Brooks SL. Radiation Doses of Common Dental Radiographic Examinations: A Review. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):207-17.
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   Title in English:	Radiation Doses of Common Dental Radiographic Examinations: A Review
   Title in Croatian:	Doze zračenja kod uobičajenih stomatoloških radioloških pretraga: pregled
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	RADIATION DOSE RADIOGRAPHY, DENTAL
   Abstract:	Even low doses of radiation have the potential to cause biologic harm by way of stochastic effects, those, like carcinogenesis, whose probability of occurrence is dependent on radiation dose. Effective radiation doses range from 4-16 μSv for panoramic radiographs to 33-150 μSv for a full-mouth intraoral series, depending on exact technique used. Effective doses from cone-beam CT vary significantly, depending on the specifi c equipment used, but in general are much higher than for panoramic radiographs but less than for multidetector CT. Methods to reduce the dose from dental x-ray examinations include the use of selection criteria to determine whether a radiograph is needed, the use of fast image receptors, and increased beam collimation, particularly for children.

2. Hatibović-Kofman Š, El-Kassem M, Inocencio F, Selimović M[, Raimundo L. Evidence Based Effectiveness of Pit and Fissure Sealants Applied by Students and Paediatric Dentists After Five Years. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):218-28.
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   Title in English:	Evidence Based Effectiveness of Pit and Fissure Sealants Applied by Students and Paediatric Dentists After Five Years
   Title in Croatian:	Učinkovitost materijala za pečaćenje u petogodišnjem radu studenata i pedodonata
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY
   Abstract:	Background: Pit and fi ssure sealants are widely researched in laboratory and clinical trials. Both experienced paediatric dentists as well as student dentists often use sealants as a preventive measure in paediatric dentistry. Objectives: 1. Compare the outcomes of pit and fi ssure sealants applied to primary and permanent dentitions by students and paediatric dentists; 2. Compare the outcomes of sealants placed in clinical and laboratory settings. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for 6871 sealants placed during a fi ve year period, from patient charts at a private paediatric clinic (PP) and a student teaching facility, Simulated Practice Environment Clinic (SPEC) at Schulich Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. Sealed teeth were identifi ed as intact, lost sealant, or carious. Results: Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test was performed. Of all the sealants placed by students and dentists, after fi ve years, 88.6% were intact, 7.2% were partially or totally lost and 4.1% had caries. There was no signifi cant difference (p>0.05) in the performance of paediatric dentists and students on primary teeth. There was statistically signifi cant difference (p<0.01) but no clinical difference between dentists and students in the treatment of permanent teeth. The laboratory success of 95% corresponded well with the clinical success of 93.5% and 98.4% caries free permanent teeth, performed by students and dentists, respectively. Conclusions: 1. After fi ve years, 96% of sealed and resealed teeth stayed caries free. 2. Laboratory studies can be good predictors of how sealant materials may perform in vivo.

3. Cavalcanti AL, Oliveira PS, Araujo Evangelista APD, Vieira FF, Granville-Garcia AF, Cavalcanti CL. pH and Total Soluble Solid Content in Concentrated and Diluted in Natura Tropical Fruit Juices. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):229-34.
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   Title in English:	pH and Total Soluble Solid Content in Concentrated and Diluted in Natura Tropical Fruit Juices
   Title in Croatian:	pH i ukupni topljivi sadržaj koncentriranih i prirodnih razrijeđenih tropskih voćnih sokova
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	BEVERAGES HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION TOOTH EROSION + etiology CARIOGENIC AGENTS
   Abstract:	Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the endogenous pH and the content of total soluble solids (TSS) in concentrated and diluted in natura tropical fruit juices. Material and Methods: The sample was composed by 9 kinds of tropical fruits (Ananas sativus - pineapple; Malpighia glabra - acerola, Spondias lutea - hog plum; Anacardium occidentale - cashew fruit; Citrus sinensis - orange; Mangifera indica - mango; Passifl orasp - passion fruit; Citrulus vulgaris - watermelon and Vitis vinifera - grape). For concentrated and diluted juices, TSS content was determined by refractometry, using the Abbé refractometer, and the pH was determined by potentiometry. Results: All evaluated juices presented pH values lower than 5.5. The hog plum and watermelon juices presented the lowest (2.8) and highest (5.2) pH values, respectively. The dilution of the juices, however, did not produce pH alterations. For the concentrated juices, the TSS content ranged from 5.25% (acerola) to 16.0% (mango). After dilution, a decrease in the TSS content was observed in all tested samples. The fruit juices evaluated in this study presented lower pH values than the critical value assumed for dental demineralization, being therefore, potentially erosive. Conclusion: Although the dilution of the fruit juices did not produce expressive alterations in the pH values, it reduced remarkably the sugar content of the beverages.

4. Nica L, Raica M. Immunohistochemical Localization of Dendritic Cells in Human Dental Pulp. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):235-41.
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   Title in English:	Immunohistochemical Localization of Dendritic Cells in Human Dental Pulp
   Title in Croatian:	Imunohistokemijska lokalizacija dentritičkih stanica u humanoj zubnoj pulpi
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL PULP DENDRITIC CELLS
   Abstract:	Objectives: The aim of this study was to locate the dendritic cells, a part of the immunocompetent system of dental pulp, in histological samples of normal and irreversibly inflamed human dental pulp, using immunohistochemical staining methods. Material and Methods: In light of the particular character of the connective tissue of human dental pulp, the following antibodies were used: vimentin clone V9, a protein associated with neurofilaments (NFAP), the S 100 protein, and smooth muscle type actin (clone 1A4). Results: The results indicated that human dental pulp has numerous cells with branching cytoplasmic extensions, in areas of inflammatory infiltrate. Based on immunohistochemical staining we consider these to be dendritic cells. Conclusions: The presence of dendritic cells in inflamed human dental pulp is not unexpected, considering the great density of the inflammatory infiltrate, and the role they play in the inflammatory response. The subtype and significance of these cells need to be clarified.

5. Coşkun Akar G, Erdem A, Ada E, Köse T. Comparison of Clinical, Instrumental and Imaging Methods in Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):242-54.
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   Title in English:	Comparison of Clinical, Instrumental and Imaging Methods in Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders
   Title in Croatian:	Usporedba kliničkih, instrumentalnih i slikovnih metoda u dijagnosticiranju temporomandibularnih poremećaja
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS JAW RELATION RECORD
   Abstract:	Objective: In addition to the clinical evaluation, it was aimed to assess the traces obtained by computerized axiography of the condylar movements in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in healthy individuals together with disc displacements and staged MRI images of these traces obtained in other joint positions. Material and Methods: 18 cases with muscle disorders (16 women and 2 men with mean ages; 32.06±15.99) and 11 cases (11 women, mean age 25.27 ±10.05) observed to have intraarticular disorders at different degrees as a result of MRI evaluation. The control group consisted of 10 cases (6 women and 4 men with mean ages; 22.20 ±2.39). Computerized axiography recordings of all cases were taken. MRI images taken from the cases with intraarticular disorders were evaluated. Joint sounds and mandibular range of motion were evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically. (Mann Whitney-U, Student t-test, One-way ANOVA and Chi-Square α=0.05). Results: The differences between TMD groups and control groups as regards the degrees of mouth opening movement were insignificant (p=0.27). The difference between the internal derangement and muscle disorder groups regarding TMJ sounds were insignificant (p=0.09). The length of the tracings of the asymptomatic control group as regards TMJs was generally symmetrical and in normal range. The tracings of the muscle disorder group were generally similar to those of the control group, however, the reproducibility of the movement was not as good as that in the control group. The tracings of patients with different stages as diagnosed by MRI were shorter than normal, and deviations on pathways in all cases, and crossings in some, were observed. Conclusion: In addition to careful clinical evaluation, function-based diagnosis techniques and imaging systems were utilised. Bony structures and especially soft tissues of the TMJ can be examined by means of MRI and the relations of the tissues with each other can be evaluated. In the method rendering information about the functional condition of the joint, objective data can be filed and the process of treatment can be evaluated.

6. Galić I, Živko-Babić J, Schauperl Z, Vukšić J. Metalographic Properties and Microhardness of Gold-Based Dental Castings. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):255-66.
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   Title in English:	Metalographic Properties and Microhardness of Gold-Based Dental Castings
   Title in Croatian:	Mikrostruktura i mikrotvrdoća odljevaka zlatnih legura Mikrostruktura i mikrotvrdoća odljevaka zlatnih legura
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	GOLD ALLOYS HARDNESS POROSITY
   Abstract:	Composition and laboratory procedures have the greatest infl uence on the microstructure, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of dental casts. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the metallographic properties of high gold-based dental castings, Dentor S, and low gold-based dental castings, Midor S, used for the same fixed prostehtic indication. Material and methods: Samples were centrifugally cast in a phosphate-bonded investment and cooled at room temperature. The microstructure was analyzed and photographed with light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The grain size and the percentage porosity were evaluated. The Vickers microhardness was tested. T-test for independent samples (α=0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Micrographs showed difference in microstructure, homogeneity and grain size. Average grain size number according to ASTM112/96 of Dentor S (7.72±0.23) was signifi cantly greater comparing with Midor S (6.26±0.19) castings. Percentage porosity of castings was calculated from average impurities and defects, where Dentor S (0.62%±0,24%) was signifi cantly more porous than Midor S (0.49%±0.19%). Vickers microhardness of Midor S castings (HV0.1=169.98±10.61) was signifi cantly greater then those of Dentor S castings (HV0.1=157.58±15.42). Conclusion: It can be concluded that composition, under the same laboratory procedures, has a critical infl uence on microstructure and microhardness of conventional gold-based castings. To ensure functional and technical durability of restoration, selection of the alloy should be based on its composition and mechanical properties as on the patient’s bite forces.

7. Brkić H, Miličević M, Petrovečki M. Forensic Determination of Dental Age of Adults Forenzično određivanje dentalne dobi kod odraslih. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):267-72.
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   Title in English:	Forensic Determination of Dental Age of Adults Forenzično određivanje dentalne dobi kod odraslih
   Title in Croatian:	Forenzično određivanje dentalne dobi kod odraslih Forenzično određivanje dentalne dobi kod odraslih
   Type of Article:	original scientific paper
   MeSH:	FORENSIC DENTISTRY AGE DETERMINATION BY TEETH TOOTH ATTRITION
   Abstract:	Objectives: Estimaiting the dental age of the adult human remains can often be of great importance in forensic identifi cation cases, and also provides valuable data in paleodontology. The aim of the present study was to compare chronological age with estimated dental age by the method according to Johanson, published in 1971. Material and Methods: 140 permanent intact teeth without dental fi llings and/or dental cavity were taken. The known age was ranging from 18 to 80 years. The average age was 45 years. For the dental age estimation the method according to Johanson was used. Every tooth was subject to longitudinal section of the midpulpal area in a vestibulo-lingual plane. Six variables were analyzed: secondary dentin, attrition, cementum apposition, root resorption, periodontal recession, and root translucency. The results of the chronological and the estimated age have been statistically compared using Person’s correlation coeffi cient and regression analysis. Results: The results showed strong correlation coeffi cient r=0.85; p<0.001 between chronological and determinated dental age. Age determination on samples of teeth between genders is in signifi cant correlation with known age. Correlation coeffi cient was 0.99 for male, and 0.98 for female samples (p<0.001) Conclusion: The method used in this research is the method of choice for dental age determination on exhumed bodies and skeletal remains for forensic and anthropological analysis in Croatia.

8. Franco M, Viscioni A, Rigo L, Guidi R, Strohmenger L, Zollino I, Avantaggiato A, Carinci F. Wide Diameter Implants Inserted in Jaws Grafted with Homologue Bone. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):273-82.
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   Title in English:	Wide Diameter Implants Inserted in Jaws Grafted with Homologue Bone
   Title in Croatian:	Implantati širokog promjera u transplantiranoj homolognoj kosti
   Type of Article:	professional paper
   MeSH:	DENTAL IMPLANTS DENTAL IMPLANTATION
   Abstract:	Objective of work: In the last decade the use of wide diameter implants (WDI) has increased especially in posterior jaws for their good clinical outcomes. However there are few reports on this topic and none on WDI inserted in homologue fresh frozen bone (FFB) grafts. Thus we planned a retrospective study on a series of WDI placed in homologuous FFB to evaluate the clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: 49 patients were operated on and 126 WDI inserted. There were 35 Double etched, 5 SLA1, 9 Grit blasted and acid etched, 44 Anodic Oxidized, 19 CaPo4 ceramic-blasted, 10 SLA2, and 4 miscellaneous implants. Results: Only 1 over in 126 WDI was lost (i.e. SVR = 99.2%) and no differences were detected among the studied variables. On the contrary, the Cox regression showed that implant type (i.e. Double etched, CaPo4 Ceramic-blasted, and SLA2) and implant length (i.e. length < 13 mm) correlated with a statistically signifi cant lower crestal bone loss and thus a better clinical outcome. Conclusion: The use of WDI inserted in homologuous FFB can be a viable treatment option and may provide benefi ts especially in posterior regions for the maintenance of various implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitations.

9. Badel T, Alajbeg I [Iva], Marotti M, Kocijan Lovko S. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Therapy by Occlusal Splint: A Case Report. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):283-91.
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   Title in English:	Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Therapy by Occlusal Splint: A Case Report
   Title in Croatian:	Terapija poremećaja čeljusnog zgloba okluzijskom udlagom: prikaz slučaja
   Type of Article:	case report
   MeSH:	TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS JAW RELATION RECORD OCCLUSAL SPLINT
   Abstract:	Temporomandibular disorder is the term that includes all functional disturbances of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. This paper deals with one of the most common types of temporomandibular disorders that is articular disc displacement into an anterior position or so called articular disc dislocation. The most common risk factor related to this disorder is trauma. This can be a macrotrauma, such as an impact into the jaw, or microtrauma, which is related to chronic muscle hyperactivity or the occlusal instability. Magnetic resonance imaging is used for noninvasive evaluation of temporomandibular joints and soft tissues. Although irreversible therapeutic means are recommended for temporomandibular disorder treatment, the most common dental treatment is reversible and noninvasive which implies occlusal stabilization splint fabrication. This paper reports a case of a female patient with anterior articular disc displacement of her left temporomandibular joint and the treatment by a stabilization splint in order to obtain functional effi ciency of her masticatory system.

10. Anić I. In memoriam: Professor Zoran Azinović: 1944 – 2008. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2008;42(3):297.
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    Title in English:	In memoriam: Professor Zoran Azinović: 1944 – 2008
    Title in Croatian:	In memoriam: Prof. dr. sc. Zoran Azinović: 1944. – 2008.
    Type of Article:	news
    MeSH:	AZINOVIC, ZORAN
    Abstract:	Professor Zoran Azinović, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor of Endodontics, restorative dentistry and cariesology, Senior scientific consultant at the University of Zagreb School of Dental medicine, specialist in dental and oral pathology and periodontology, dentist-in-Chief at the Zagreb Clinical hospital center Dental clinic was born in Konjic in Bosnia and Herzegovina on August 25th, 1944. That was along sentence, containing a lot of information – the most important of which might be the beginning of a life. A life that matured and left a mark. Then its light extinguished, like all the others before it, andall those that shall follow. Yes, he left us too soon. Mr. Zoran Azinović was a special man, always willing to help, teacher and mentor to many students at the University Dental School here in Zagreb. Aftergraduating in 1968 he began his academic, scientific and teaching career at the same instution in 1970, at the Dental pathology department. He qualified as a specialist in 1977, and defended his Master’s degree thesis in Dental sciences in 1981. His researched was focused on the efficacity of enamel etching and was one of the pioneers of this technique in this country. He also encouraged many students to concentrate on that area in their work, and was one of the first in the country to conduct SEM research on changes in the hard tissue of the tooth. At the time, it was necessary to invest great effort and knowledge into such work. Professor Zoran Azinović, DMD, PhD improved our profession. He was named doctor-in-Chief at the CHC Dental clinic ten years after qualifying as a specialist in 1977, and gave his best years to his patients there, and they valued his time. His patients loved him and appreciated him, and always requested him, personally. They would quietly knock at the door and tell the nurse: “I’m with Professor Azinović. Please tell him I’m here”. Furthering his scientific work, he earned a PhD in the same area in 1989, this time studying the effect of Fluoride on enamel. The following year he became Adjunct Professor. He became an Associate professor in 1999, and maintained that position until his untimely death in 2008.